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                <text>Colloquiorum: Desid. Erasmi Roterodami familiarium decerpta, cum notis illustrata. […]</text>
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                <text>Two hundred and twenty years younger than its display case neighbour Les Ordonnances et édicts du très chrestien roy de France Charles neufiesme du nom […], this item is a good example of the economic measures taken to reduce the costs of bookbinding. This item is sewn on only two supports, as opposed to the three double sewing supports seen on the spine of the previous example. The supports appear to have been lost over time, as well as the entire outer binding, although their loss allows for yet another stellar demonstration of the book sewing process. This particular sewing style shows the “sawn-in” sewing technique. As to be seen in Les Ordonnances, sewing supports were raised from the spine and had to be accommodated in the outer leather binding of the spine. Changes in aesthetic tastes had an influence in bookbinding techniques. To ensure that a spine would not display raised bands, cuts would first be made into the spine with a saw. The supporting sewing cords would then be aligned with, and inserted into, the cuts, allowing the sewing supports to be hidden and providing for a flat spine. </text>
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                <text>The binding consists of parchment on boards, with the parchment having been painted in brown ink to simulate a marbling effect. The spine label is of yellow morocco, with title tooled in gold (partially illegible due to remnants of a former label that was once superimposed). Where the parchment has loosened from its supporting boards shows the impressive thinness of the parchment used. </text>
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                <text>Les coustumes generales du conte d'Arthois decretees : auec celles de l'escheui-nage d'Arras, bailliages de S. Omer, Bethune, Aire, Lens, Bappalmes, Hesdin, […] &amp; du bailliage de Lillers […]</text>
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                <text>Another example of parchment on cardboard, this binding is on exhibit to show the leather ties that were used to keep the book closed when not in use. Due to the fragility of the leather used to make ties, it is rare that they survive the passage of time. In this case, three of the four ties are still intact.</text>
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