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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TYPE SAMPLE OF MANITOBA LAND SURVEYS POST OF THIS PERIOD</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ ORIGINALLY MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST STAFF 1994.02.00/ PLACED AT THE QUARTER ON THE EAST BOUNDARY OF SECTION 23, TOWNSHIP 5, RANGE 11, WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN AT SWAN LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.7, MB BY C.D. BROWN, M.L.S. IN 1956/ REPLACED BY A STANDARD POST, 4 PITS &amp; A MOUND IN 1960 BY D.B. GILLMORE, M.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>IN 1836 INDIAN TITLE TO MANITOULIN ISLAND WAS SURRENDERED TO THE CROWN</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR. WOODEN POSTS WERE USED EXTENSIVELY AS SURVEY MARKERS UNTIL C.1908. TYPICALLY THE TOP WAS POINTED TO SHED WATER &amp; SO RETARD DECAY. THIS POST WAS PLANTED IN 1918 AND ILLUSTRATES THE CONTINUING USE OF WOODEN MARKERS. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLL, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK. D.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ ORIGINALLY POST MOUNTED WITH MARKER 730790 ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST 1994.02.00/ SEE ALSO MARKER 730815/ CEDAR POST PLANTED AT TRUE CORNER OF LOT 111, WEST BAY VILLAGE, WEST BAY INDIAN RESERVE NO.22, MANITOULIN ISLAND, ON BY T.J. PATTEN, O.L.S. IN 1918/ IRON POST 730790 PLACED NEAR CEDAR MARKER NOV.25, 1918 BY SAME SURVEYOR/ CEDAR POST REPLACED BY C.L.S. STANDARD POST MAY 24, 1963 BY W.F. QUINSEY, O.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450/</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>Ontario</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>DISTINGUISHING MARK MADE ON STANDING TREE BY A SURVEY PARTY TO IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE</text>
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                <text>NO. BREAKDOWN: .1-.3 BLAZED SECTION OF TREE TRUNK/ *SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ SECTIONS FROM 3 TREES BLAZED BY H.B. PROUDFOOT, D.L.S. IN 1911 ON RED EARTH INDIAN RESERVE NO.29, SK./ ALL THREE FOUND BY H.E. ALTER, D.L.S., S.L.S. IN 1961 DURING HIS RESURVEY OF THE RESERVE./ ORIGINAL NOS: ES0113 TO ES0115/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>RED EARTH INDIAN RESERVE NO.29"</text>
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                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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                <text>SURVEY OF BANFF PARK LAND AND TOWNSITE BEGAN IN 1886 BY GEORGE A. STEWART (REF.2,P.106). PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF TYPE OF MARKER USED IN SURVEYS OF DOMINION PARK LANDS.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST ORIGINALLY MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST 1994.02.00./ FOUND IN BANFF NATIONAL PARK, AB./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>ST. JULIEN AREA OF BANFF NATIONAL PARK"</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14960">
                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14961">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14962">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY DELIBERATE ATTEMPT BY GOVERNMENT TO PROTECT &amp; PRESERVE SURVEY MARKERS IN THE FIELD. THE DESIGN, WEIGHT &amp; WARNING INSCRIBED ON THESE POSTS WERE INTENDED TO DISCOURAGE THE THEFT &amp; VANDALISM OF SURVEYMARKERS. (REF.1, P.12). THE PROBLEMS CONTINUED &amp; WERE LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR FURTHER CHANGES IN DESIGN.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14964">
                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14965">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY STANDARD SURVEY POST INTRODUCED IN 1916. 30,000 OF THESE POSTS WERE PRODUCED, CONSISTING OF A 30-INCH LENGTH OF STANDARD 1-INCH PIPE WITH AN IRON FOOT-PLATE ON BOTTOM &amp; A BRONZE CAP ON TOP. THE POSTS WERE COATED WITH MEXICAN ASPHALTUM &amp; FILLED WITH CONCRETE PRIOR TO ISSUE. DIFFICULT TO REMOVE, THEY WERE ALSO LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE &amp; DECAY THAN THE EARLIER WOOD MARKERS (REF.1, P.12).</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14966">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-76.5, D-9.0/ THIS POST WAS FOUND IN BANFF NATIONAL PARK, AB. ORIGINAL SITE OF PLACEMENT IS UNKNOWN/ A CONTRACT WAS ISSUED FOR 30,000 POSTS OF THIS TYPE FOR USE IN THE FIELD DURING 1916. A SECOND CONTRACT WAS LET C.1916 FOR 30,000 SIMILAR POSTS WHICH INCLUDED INSCRIPTION -DOMINION LANDS SURVEY- (REF.1 P.12)/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450/</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14967">
                <text>AFTER 1915</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14968">
                <text>1915</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14969">
                <text>1915</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14970">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada,</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14971">
                <text>1973.0692</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <authentication>253aeaab196b182620a0ff4aa1ed526e</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14774">
                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14946">
                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14947">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14949">
                <text>THIS DISK FROM A BLAZED TREE IS CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE THE TREE WAS MARKED DURING A SURVEY IN A SURRENDERED PORTION OF INDIAN RESERVE LANDS. ALSO INTERESTING IS THE TREE'S AGE-100 YEARS. IT WOULD HAVE STARTED GROWING IN THE YEAR OF CONFEDERATION (REF.1 P.59)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14950">
                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE IN A SURVEYED AREA</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14951">
                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14952">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENT COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ DISK MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; DISK L-34.2, W-32.8, H-5.2 CM/ EASTERN HEMLOCK DISK BEARS 3 BLAZES MADE IN 1901 BY T.J. PATTEN, O.L.S. ON SOUTHERLY BOUNDARY OF LOT 32 DURING SURVEYS IN SURRENDERED PORTION OF WHITEFISH RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.4, ONT. DISK TAKEN BY H.A.K. SHIPMAN, D.L.S., O.L.S. IN SUMMER 1967 DURING RESURVEY OF SURRENDERED RESERVE LANDS/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14953">
                <text>1901-1967</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14954">
                <text>1901</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14955">
                <text>1967</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14956">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14957">
                <text>1973.0813</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14958">
                <text>Ontario</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14959">
                <text>WHITEFISH RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.4"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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      <file fileId="2601">
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        <authentication>75c6b2a4a2c9e20d5b97ebf63ea025f6</authentication>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14774">
                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14932">
                <text>Marker, survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14933">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14934">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14935">
                <text>BOUNDARY STONE FROM ORDNANCE LAND (MILITARY RESERVE) NEAR SMITHS FALLS. THIS MONUMENT &amp; 1850 SURVEY ORIGINALLY RECORDED IN ORDNACE OFFICE AT BYTOWN AS PLAN 11, PART SECOND, RIDEAU CANAL, BOOK 1851. DETAILS OF STONE'S PLACEMENT UNCERTAIN BUT RECORDS INDICATE LAND TAKEN FORSERVICE OF RIDEAU CANAL C. 1830 (REF.1 P.57)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14936">
                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE ON THE BOUNDARY LINE OF A SURVEYED AREA</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14937">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF MARKER DATING PRE-CONFEDERATION. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14938">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ MONUMENT MOUNTED ON PLATFORM/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE PLATFORM; MONUMENT L-40.0, W-38.0, H-110.0 CM/ MONUMENT DESIGNATED ORDNANCE BOUNDARY STONE XII ON PLAN OF 1850 SURVEY BY JOSIAS RICHEY, P.L.S. IT HAD BEEN SET ON BOUNDARY OF ORDNANCE RESERVE &amp; LOT 30, CONCESSION III, TOWNSHIP OF MONTAGUE, NEAR SMITH FALLS, ONT. DETAILS OF PLACEMENT UNCERTAIN. RECOVERED IN 1963 BY R.T. MCCURDY, D.L.S., O.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14939">
                <text>C. 1850-1963. POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS 1830</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14940">
                <text>before 1850</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14941">
                <text>1963</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14942">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14943">
                <text>1973.0806</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14944">
                <text>Ontario</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14945">
                <text>SMITHS FALLS AREA"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1167" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2600">
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        <authentication>b46f601f461c496df13704effd5ccbf6</authentication>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14774">
                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14918">
                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14919">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14920">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14921">
                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14922">
                <text>TO REFERENCE &amp; MARK A SPECIFIC SITE IN A SURVEYED AREA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14923">
                <text>INTERESTING EXAMPLE OF A TREE BEARING BLAZES FROM THREE SEPARATE SURVEYS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14924">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ DISK MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD; DIM GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD. DISK D-17.0, H-4.3 CM/ DISK TAKEN FROM PARTLY ROTTED POPLAR STUMP BY C.D. COX, O.L.S. IN 1963 DURING A RETRACEMENT SURVEY OF WABIGOON LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.27, DISTRICT OF KENORA, ON. SHOWS TRACES OF 3 SEPARATE BLAZINGS, THE 2ND 7 YEARS AFTER THE FIRST, THE 3RD 4 YEARS AFTER THE 2ND. THERE ARE 26 RINGS OUTSIDE 3RD BLAZE. REMAINS OF&#13;
BLAZED TREE ACCEPTED AS SUPPLEMENTARY EVIDENCE OF ORIGINAL 1883 SURVEY, CONDUCTED BY A.H. VAUGHAN, D.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14925">
                <text>POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS 1883 TO 1963</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14926">
                <text>1883</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14927">
                <text>1963</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14928">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14929">
                <text>1973.0799</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14930">
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                <text>A solar compass created approximatey 1860. Initially owned by Russell, this passed through surveyors working in the West, with such names as Rainboth, JJ McArthur, and Ogilve. Through Ogilve the compass ended up in Ottawa, his last major survey. It is made of brass, with several intricate parts and comes in a wooden box sheltered with level.</text>
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                <text>Important dates include its creation in c. 1860, its use by Russell in the late 1870s, and the passage to Ottawa in the 1940s.</text>
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                <text>Emilija Pruden</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1988JRASC..82..288K&amp;amp;db_key=AST&amp;amp;page_ind=1&amp;amp;data_type=GIF&amp;amp;type=SCREEN_VIEW&amp;amp;classic=YES%20" target="_blank"&gt;Donated to the Museum by a Ms. Mary Grey; a search finds that a Mrs. Mary Grey from Ottawa was the past counsil president of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, and seems a likely candidate for the person who acquired this object.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.fairfieldauction.com/highlights/6sept/261.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;An entirely set up solar compass would look like this&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/habshaer/ny/ny0600/ny0678/photos/122577pr.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;The Gurley Building looks like this&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://api.ning.com/files/-19L0k9n6wdKsecWkGiaqrAzlmjn0wMtPTiRGgXDsr1xJt6BDSYOdA1IvOBBQlSU/surveyinginstruments1891.jpg?width=385&amp;amp;height=600" target="_blank"&gt;This matches the image on other manuals created by Gurley&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=_a43AAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false" target="_blank"&gt;A manual can be found in open source google books, providing how much the item would have cost, as well as instructions for its use&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB24043A+CLSR+CA" target="_blank"&gt;Lindsay Russell mentions the Solar Compass's use; although the compass looks like it would be used for initial surveys, Russell's guidelines show that they were actually used for the subdivision of townships through the meridian. Russell would have used the compass between 1877-1882, as that is when he did the majority of his surveying work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/planresult-resultatsplan-eng.php?pkw=&amp;amp;plannum=&amp;amp;altnum=&amp;amp;altnumid=&amp;amp;pn=&amp;amp;cl=&amp;amp;clid=&amp;amp;svy=CARSON%2C+P.A.&amp;amp;svyid=9DF5216B-86AB-49D6-9F99-91D5728D5425&amp;amp;dtsvfr=&amp;amp;dtsvto=&amp;amp;dtrfr=&amp;amp;dtrto=&amp;amp;submit=Search&amp;amp;n=plan&amp;amp;act=r&amp;amp;pg=1" target="_blank"&gt;Another name displayed on the compass is that of P.A. Carson, whose shown to have worked in the West as well, circa 1907-1909.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=T1495+CLSR+QC" target="_blank"&gt;G. C. Rainboth is another name found written on the box, carved into the leather on the back. Though he is known for working with land divisions in the Praries, he also did work in Quebec and Ottawa, seen where Ottawa is written on the box.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through looking at the dates of his field books, one can see that he worked in the Quebec Gatineau area in 1888. He did work with boundary lines and New Brunswick, however analyzing the dates we see that this was done in 1908, whereas Carson took over the Compass in 1907.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/earth-sciences-museum/resources/mining-canada/three-men-who-unlocked-west" target="_blank"&gt;A link to a write up on the importance of the men who unlocked the West. Without instruments such as the Solar Compass, we would not have gotten as far as we did, so quickly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB9849+CLSR+BC" target="_blank"&gt;Another journal by Carson, astronomical information on the final page.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>33 by 23 by 33</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB11522+CLSR+SK" target="_blank"&gt;Carson's journal from 1910; the astronomical section of his field diary displays its use, as a solar compass must have been used to measure the time of star transit, as seen on the bottom of page 7, page 11 on the sidebar of the DJVU viewer.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Telescope viewfinder</text>
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                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>Transit carrying case, bottom</text>
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                  <text>A selection of instruments used by the Dominion Land Surveyors of Canada.</text>
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                <text>Transit</text>
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                <text>Canadian surveying equipment</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>This transit was a key instrument for surveyors, as it was used for measuring horizontal angles (and later vertical angles as well). Transits were invented in 1831 in the United States and were popular for their versatility, durability, and cheap pricetag. Like most transits, this one is made of brass, with silver, glass, and liquid components.&#13;
&#13;
The transit was made ca. 1861-1866 by Charles Hearn in Montreal. At one point it belonged to James Moffett (1829-1911), who lived in Wakefield, QC. Moffett was a native of Quebec but was of Irish heritage. He worked as a farmer and in the 1870s qualified as a provincial land surveyor, which is likely when he started using the transit. Despite its long history the transit is in relatively good condition, with a few evident repairs and replacement parts.&#13;
&#13;
References:&#13;
1871 and 1881 Census, Library and Archives Canada, https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/census/Pages/census.aspx.&#13;
Canada Science and Technology Museum files&#13;
“Invention and Introduction of the Engineer’s Transit,” from The Engineering News September 15, 1875. Engineering News Record Volumes 1-2 accessible via Google Books.&#13;
“Transit.” Smithsonian National Museum of American History, https://amhistory.si.edu/surveying/type.cfm?typeid=20</text>
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                <text>Manufactured ca. 1861-1866</text>
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                <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, 1978.0971.001</text>
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                <text>Quebec, Canada</text>
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                <text>Photographs by student in HIS4135</text>
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