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                  <text>Instruments</text>
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                  <text>A selection of instruments used by the Dominion Land Surveyors of Canada.</text>
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                <text>Brass parallel rule, used to draw parallel lines to scale.  It is slightly longer and heavier than average.  It has degree notches as well as compass directions marked on it.  The fleur de lis symbol replaces the "N" for north.</text>
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                <text>H.S. Crabtree ltd.</text>
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                <text>manufactured circa 1900-1940</text>
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                    <text>Compass - Front View</text>
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                    <text>Material Composition: brass, glass</text>
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                    <text>"&lt;a title="The History of Brass" href="https://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/The-History-Of-Brass.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Brass&lt;/a&gt; casing, including cover; glass window; circle graduated on silver. Jewelled or glass centre in pivot cap".</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, Artifact Context Report dated 28/01/2015</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, Artifact Context Report dated 28/01/2015</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>View of the needle lock lever</text>
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                    <text>This feature is important to ensure the reading accuracy of the compass. &lt;a title="Geary, Don. Using a Map and Compass. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1995, p17-21." href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=5ZMkb-Pv7UMC&amp;amp;lpg=PP1&amp;amp;dq=Using%20a%20Map%20and%20Compass&amp;amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Using%20a%20Map%20and%20Compass&amp;amp;f=false" target="_blank"&gt;One can damp the compass needle so that it comes to a complete stop. The process of damping involves the use of a needle lock lever (sometimes refer to as stopper), located on its side, in the form of small pin that is depressed to lift the compass needle off the pivot point. &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Compass - View from the back</text>
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                    <text>Hinges</text>
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                    <text>In order to protect its glass surface, the compass is equipped with a brass cover on hinges. As the instrument was presumably meant for nomadic surveyors or travelers, the brass cover would have been important to protect the functions of the instrument whilst in movement.</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Compass - Face</text>
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                    <text>Inscriptions</text>
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                    <text>According to the print, this compass was made in France. Based on its design and the years it was used in Canada (circa 1875), the Collignon-Houlliot compass manufacturer most likely manufactured this model. This company was known to export to Great-Britain and to the United-States. As such, British surveyors could have brought these compasses to British North-America upon performing their first surveys. The compass could have also been given to Dominion Land surveyors directly either by the manufacturer itself, by the British, or by the Americans.</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Compass - Provenance</text>
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                    <text>History</text>
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                    <text>The compass was collected by Ms. W. Mary Grey in 1987. It was donated by Mrs. Shakespeare who claims it belonged to J. Herbert Kerr who was surveying in Western Canada in the late 1800s. </text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, Artifact Context Report dated 28/01/2015</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Winterization</text>
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                    <text>Surveying in a Northern climate</text>
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                    <text>As was discovered by looking through mapping, surveying, and draughting instrument catalogue used by the Canadian army throughout the First World War, the purpose of the "diaphragm" on this compass is to "winterize" it. That is to say protect it from water and ice from forming inside the compass. While surveying in a northern environment, the cover of this instrument served to protect the glass from scratching and cracking thus enabling water and ice to form on the compass' face.</text>
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                    <text>Photo taken by Jessica Ozorak at Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, ON. </text>
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                    <text>Canadian Armed Forces, "Canadian Army Manuel of Materiel: supply class 6675: draughting, surveying, and mapping instruments, 1965," Ottawa, Queen's Printer 1965.</text>
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                    <text>Made in France</text>
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                    <text>Markings</text>
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                    <text>The &lt;a title="The Law Relating to the Merchandise Marks Act 1887 to 1894" href="https://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOML?af=RN&amp;amp;ae=F451479917&amp;amp;srchtp=a&amp;amp;ste=14" target="_blank"&gt;UK Merchandise Marks Act&lt;/a&gt; came to in 1887, this act required every item be labelled by a trade description. &amp;ldquo;The expression &amp;lsquo;trade description&amp;rsquo; means any description, statement, or other indication, direct or indirect. b) as to the place or country in which any goods were made or produced&amp;rsquo; This act protected against fraud. Thus, the fact that this compass has this marking indicated it was definitely made after 1887.</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                    <text>Trade in Europe</text>
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                    <text>UK and France </text>
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                    <text>It is peculiar that the marking on this compass has the English inscription&lt;a title="The Law Relating to the Merchandise Marks Act 1887 to 1894" href="https://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOML?af=RN&amp;amp;ae=F451479917&amp;amp;srchtp=a&amp;amp;ste=14" target="_blank"&gt; "Made in France"&lt;/a&gt;. This is because the &lt;a title="Collignon-Houlliot" href="https://compassmuseum.com/pocket/pocket_2.htm#HOULLIOT"&gt;Houlliot&lt;/a&gt; company was producing compasses and instruments for many countries, notably Germany, Russia, and the UK. The latter who would undoubtedly be using these instruments in its North American colonies during the Victorian era.</text>
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                    <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum, researched for UOttawa Seminar HIS4135C, Jessica Ozorak and Carine Trazo.</text>
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                <text>art. no. 1987.2108 Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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&#13;
The transit was made ca. 1861-1866 by Charles Hearn in Montreal. At one point it belonged to James Moffett (1829-1911), who lived in Wakefield, QC. Moffett was a native of Quebec but was of Irish heritage. He worked as a farmer and in the 1870s qualified as a provincial land surveyor, which is likely when he started using the transit. Despite its long history the transit is in relatively good condition, with a few evident repairs and replacement parts.&#13;
&#13;
References:&#13;
1871 and 1881 Census, Library and Archives Canada, https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/census/Pages/census.aspx.&#13;
Canada Science and Technology Museum files&#13;
“Invention and Introduction of the Engineer’s Transit,” from The Engineering News September 15, 1875. Engineering News Record Volumes 1-2 accessible via Google Books.&#13;
“Transit.” Smithsonian National Museum of American History, https://amhistory.si.edu/surveying/type.cfm?typeid=20</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Instruments</text>
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                  <text>A selection of instruments used by the Dominion Land Surveyors of Canada.</text>
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      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Solar Compass</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Surveying Equipment in Canada during Dominion times</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A solar compass created approximatey 1860. Initially owned by Russell, this passed through surveyors working in the West, with such names as Rainboth, JJ McArthur, and Ogilve. Through Ogilve the compass ended up in Ottawa, his last major survey. It is made of brass, with several intricate parts and comes in a wooden box sheltered with level.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>W &amp; L.E. Gurley from Troy, New York.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Science and Technology Museum</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Important dates include its creation in c. 1860, its use by Russell in the late 1870s, and the passage to Ottawa in the 1940s.</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Emilija Pruden</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1988JRASC..82..288K&amp;amp;db_key=AST&amp;amp;page_ind=1&amp;amp;data_type=GIF&amp;amp;type=SCREEN_VIEW&amp;amp;classic=YES%20" target="_blank"&gt;Donated to the Museum by a Ms. Mary Grey; a search finds that a Mrs. Mary Grey from Ottawa was the past counsil president of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, and seems a likely candidate for the person who acquired this object.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.fairfieldauction.com/highlights/6sept/261.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;An entirely set up solar compass would look like this&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/habshaer/ny/ny0600/ny0678/photos/122577pr.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;The Gurley Building looks like this&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://api.ning.com/files/-19L0k9n6wdKsecWkGiaqrAzlmjn0wMtPTiRGgXDsr1xJt6BDSYOdA1IvOBBQlSU/surveyinginstruments1891.jpg?width=385&amp;amp;height=600" target="_blank"&gt;This matches the image on other manuals created by Gurley&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=_a43AAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false" target="_blank"&gt;A manual can be found in open source google books, providing how much the item would have cost, as well as instructions for its use&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB24043A+CLSR+CA" target="_blank"&gt;Lindsay Russell mentions the Solar Compass's use; although the compass looks like it would be used for initial surveys, Russell's guidelines show that they were actually used for the subdivision of townships through the meridian. Russell would have used the compass between 1877-1882, as that is when he did the majority of his surveying work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/planresult-resultatsplan-eng.php?pkw=&amp;amp;plannum=&amp;amp;altnum=&amp;amp;altnumid=&amp;amp;pn=&amp;amp;cl=&amp;amp;clid=&amp;amp;svy=CARSON%2C+P.A.&amp;amp;svyid=9DF5216B-86AB-49D6-9F99-91D5728D5425&amp;amp;dtsvfr=&amp;amp;dtsvto=&amp;amp;dtrfr=&amp;amp;dtrto=&amp;amp;submit=Search&amp;amp;n=plan&amp;amp;act=r&amp;amp;pg=1" target="_blank"&gt;Another name displayed on the compass is that of P.A. Carson, whose shown to have worked in the West as well, circa 1907-1909.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=T1495+CLSR+QC" target="_blank"&gt;G. C. Rainboth is another name found written on the box, carved into the leather on the back. Though he is known for working with land divisions in the Praries, he also did work in Quebec and Ottawa, seen where Ottawa is written on the box.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through looking at the dates of his field books, one can see that he worked in the Quebec Gatineau area in 1888. He did work with boundary lines and New Brunswick, however analyzing the dates we see that this was done in 1908, whereas Carson took over the Compass in 1907.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/earth-sciences-museum/resources/mining-canada/three-men-who-unlocked-west" target="_blank"&gt;A link to a write up on the importance of the men who unlocked the West. Without instruments such as the Solar Compass, we would not have gotten as far as we did, so quickly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14913">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB9849+CLSR+BC" target="_blank"&gt;Another journal by Carson, astronomical information on the final page.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>33 by 23 by 33</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English labeling</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Brass Instrument</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://clss.nrcan.gc.ca/plan-eng.php?id=FB11522+CLSR+SK" target="_blank"&gt;Carson's journal from 1910; the astronomical section of his field diary displays its use, as a solar compass must have been used to measure the time of star transit, as seen on the bottom of page 7, page 11 on the sidebar of the DJVU viewer.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14774">
                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14919">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14922">
                <text>TO REFERENCE &amp; MARK A SPECIFIC SITE IN A SURVEYED AREA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14923">
                <text>INTERESTING EXAMPLE OF A TREE BEARING BLAZES FROM THREE SEPARATE SURVEYS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14924">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ DISK MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD; DIM GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD. DISK D-17.0, H-4.3 CM/ DISK TAKEN FROM PARTLY ROTTED POPLAR STUMP BY C.D. COX, O.L.S. IN 1963 DURING A RETRACEMENT SURVEY OF WABIGOON LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.27, DISTRICT OF KENORA, ON. SHOWS TRACES OF 3 SEPARATE BLAZINGS, THE 2ND 7 YEARS AFTER THE FIRST, THE 3RD 4 YEARS AFTER THE 2ND. THERE ARE 26 RINGS OUTSIDE 3RD BLAZE. REMAINS OF&#13;
BLAZED TREE ACCEPTED AS SUPPLEMENTARY EVIDENCE OF ORIGINAL 1883 SURVEY, CONDUCTED BY A.H. VAUGHAN, D.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS 1883 TO 1963</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14926">
                <text>1883</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14927">
                <text>1963</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14928">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14929">
                <text>1973.0799</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14930">
                <text>Ontario</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14931">
                <text>WABIGOON LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.27, DISTRICT OF KENORA</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14932">
                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14933">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14934">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14935">
                <text>BOUNDARY STONE FROM ORDNANCE LAND (MILITARY RESERVE) NEAR SMITHS FALLS. THIS MONUMENT &amp; 1850 SURVEY ORIGINALLY RECORDED IN ORDNACE OFFICE AT BYTOWN AS PLAN 11, PART SECOND, RIDEAU CANAL, BOOK 1851. DETAILS OF STONE'S PLACEMENT UNCERTAIN BUT RECORDS INDICATE LAND TAKEN FORSERVICE OF RIDEAU CANAL C. 1830 (REF.1 P.57)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14936">
                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE ON THE BOUNDARY LINE OF A SURVEYED AREA</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14937">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF MARKER DATING PRE-CONFEDERATION. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14938">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ MONUMENT MOUNTED ON PLATFORM/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE PLATFORM; MONUMENT L-40.0, W-38.0, H-110.0 CM/ MONUMENT DESIGNATED ORDNANCE BOUNDARY STONE XII ON PLAN OF 1850 SURVEY BY JOSIAS RICHEY, P.L.S. IT HAD BEEN SET ON BOUNDARY OF ORDNANCE RESERVE &amp; LOT 30, CONCESSION III, TOWNSHIP OF MONTAGUE, NEAR SMITH FALLS, ONT. DETAILS OF PLACEMENT UNCERTAIN. RECOVERED IN 1963 BY R.T. MCCURDY, D.L.S., O.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14939">
                <text>C. 1850-1963. POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS 1830</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>Ontario</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14945">
                <text>SMITHS FALLS AREA"</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>THIS DISK FROM A BLAZED TREE IS CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE THE TREE WAS MARKED DURING A SURVEY IN A SURRENDERED PORTION OF INDIAN RESERVE LANDS. ALSO INTERESTING IS THE TREE'S AGE-100 YEARS. IT WOULD HAVE STARTED GROWING IN THE YEAR OF CONFEDERATION (REF.1 P.59)</text>
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                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE IN A SURVEYED AREA</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENT COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ DISK MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; DISK L-34.2, W-32.8, H-5.2 CM/ EASTERN HEMLOCK DISK BEARS 3 BLAZES MADE IN 1901 BY T.J. PATTEN, O.L.S. ON SOUTHERLY BOUNDARY OF LOT 32 DURING SURVEYS IN SURRENDERED PORTION OF WHITEFISH RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.4, ONT. DISK TAKEN BY H.A.K. SHIPMAN, D.L.S., O.L.S. IN SUMMER 1967 DURING RESURVEY OF SURRENDERED RESERVE LANDS/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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                <text>1967</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14956">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973.0813</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Ontario</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14959">
                <text>WHITEFISH RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.4"</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY DELIBERATE ATTEMPT BY GOVERNMENT TO PROTECT &amp; PRESERVE SURVEY MARKERS IN THE FIELD. THE DESIGN, WEIGHT &amp; WARNING INSCRIBED ON THESE POSTS WERE INTENDED TO DISCOURAGE THE THEFT &amp; VANDALISM OF SURVEYMARKERS. (REF.1, P.12). THE PROBLEMS CONTINUED &amp; WERE LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR FURTHER CHANGES IN DESIGN.</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14965">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY STANDARD SURVEY POST INTRODUCED IN 1916. 30,000 OF THESE POSTS WERE PRODUCED, CONSISTING OF A 30-INCH LENGTH OF STANDARD 1-INCH PIPE WITH AN IRON FOOT-PLATE ON BOTTOM &amp; A BRONZE CAP ON TOP. THE POSTS WERE COATED WITH MEXICAN ASPHALTUM &amp; FILLED WITH CONCRETE PRIOR TO ISSUE. DIFFICULT TO REMOVE, THEY WERE ALSO LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE &amp; DECAY THAN THE EARLIER WOOD MARKERS (REF.1, P.12).</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-76.5, D-9.0/ THIS POST WAS FOUND IN BANFF NATIONAL PARK, AB. ORIGINAL SITE OF PLACEMENT IS UNKNOWN/ A CONTRACT WAS ISSUED FOR 30,000 POSTS OF THIS TYPE FOR USE IN THE FIELD DURING 1916. A SECOND CONTRACT WAS LET C.1916 FOR 30,000 SIMILAR POSTS WHICH INCLUDED INSCRIPTION -DOMINION LANDS SURVEY- (REF.1 P.12)/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450/</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>AFTER 1915</text>
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                <text>1915</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14969">
                <text>1915</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14970">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada,</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14971">
                <text>1973.0692</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker, survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>SURVEY OF BANFF PARK LAND AND TOWNSITE BEGAN IN 1886 BY GEORGE A. STEWART (REF.2,P.106). PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14976">
                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14977">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF TYPE OF MARKER USED IN SURVEYS OF DOMINION PARK LANDS.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14978">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST ORIGINALLY MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST 1994.02.00./ FOUND IN BANFF NATIONAL PARK, AB./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1916</text>
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                <text>1916</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14982">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>1973.0693</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Alberta</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14985">
                <text>ST. JULIEN AREA OF BANFF NATIONAL PARK"</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14774">
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14987">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14988">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14989">
                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14990">
                <text>DISTINGUISHING MARK MADE ON STANDING TREE BY A SURVEY PARTY TO IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14991">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF BLAZING</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14992">
                <text>NO. BREAKDOWN: .1-.3 BLAZED SECTION OF TREE TRUNK/ *SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ SECTIONS FROM 3 TREES BLAZED BY H.B. PROUDFOOT, D.L.S. IN 1911 ON RED EARTH INDIAN RESERVE NO.29, SK./ ALL THREE FOUND BY H.E. ALTER, D.L.S., S.L.S. IN 1961 DURING HIS RESURVEY OF THE RESERVE./ ORIGINAL NOS: ES0113 TO ES0115/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14994">
                <text>1911</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14995">
                <text>1961</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="14996">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14997">
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          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="14998">
                <text>Saskatchewan</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="14999">
                <text>RED EARTH INDIAN RESERVE NO.29"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
