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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKSCOLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TREE BLAZED &amp; MARKED TO CREATE A WITNESS MONUMENT, THE PURPOSE OF WHICH IS TO ESTABLISH OR CONFIRM THE TRUE SITE OF A SURVEY MARKER.</text>
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                <text>THIS BLAZE SECTION FROM A BEARING TREE, WITNESSING A WOOD CORNER POST DATES FROM 1915. WITNESS MONUMENTS OF THIS TYPE WERE TO BE USED IN SURVEYS OF DOMINION LANDS FOR TOWNSHIP &amp; SECTION CORNERS IN BUSH C.1871-1889. AFTER 1890, IRON POST, MOUND &amp; TRENCH WERE PRESCRIBED</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15806">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ *DIM: GIVEN REFER TO BLAZE SECTION IN CLOSED POSITION; EXTENDED W-41.5 CM/ BLAZE PORTION OF BEARING TREE WITNESSING A WOODEN POST AT THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 15, RANGE 7, COWICHAN DISTRICT &amp; BOUNDARY OF COWICHAN INDIAN RESERVE NO.1, BC. RECORDED AS-FIR 14 550 [DEG] W 13 LKS BY ARTHUR O.NOAKES , B.C.L.S., 1915. BLAZE &amp; INVERSE REMOVED IN 1960 FROM 24" LIVING TREE BY D.H. BROWNE, D.L.S. THREE NEW BEARING TREES REFERENCE NEW STANDARD (CLS) POST/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450"</text>
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                <text> 1915: Surveyor A. Noakes blazed a sight line at Section 15 Range 7 of the Cowichan Indian Reserve No. 1 and Cowichan Valley boundary, west of present day Duncan, BC.  </text>
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                <text>1960: Collector D. H. Browne removed the blazed fir tree for a larger collection being compiled in Ottawa that consisted of markers from all over Canada.</text>
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                <text>1973 to Present Day: The blazed fir tree marker resides in Ottawa at the Museum of Science and Technology.</text>
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Cowichan Indian Reserve No. 1 and Cowichan Valley boundary</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>THIS SPECIMEN IS INTERESTING IN THAT REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIVE &amp; ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AGREED TO THE LOCATION OF A COMMON BOUNDARY BETWEEN ST. ANN'S CHURCH &amp; KINGSCLEAR INDIAN RESERVE NO.2 IN NEW BRUNSWICK. THIS TREE WAS BLAZED TO MARK THAT BOUNDARY</text>
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                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE ON THE BOUNDARY LINE OF SURVEYED AREA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15819">
                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp;TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15820">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENT COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN / SECTION OF BLAZED APPLE TREE CUT IN 1963 BY R.O. SEMPER, O.L.S., N.B.L.S. DURING SURVEY TO DEFINE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ST. ANN'S CHURCH &amp; KINGSCLEAR INDIAN RESERVE NO.6, NB. TREE BLAZED WHEN COMMON BOUNDARY WAS AGREED TO BY NATIVE &amp; RC CHURCH OFFICIALS. OTHER DETAILS OF ORIGINAL SURVEY UNKNOWN/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>? TO 1968</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15822">
                <text>?</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15823">
                <text>1968</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15824">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15825">
                <text>1973.0798</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15826">
                <text>New Brunswick</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15827">
                <text>KINGSCLEAR INDIAN RESERVE NO.6"</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15828">
                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15829">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15830">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15831">
                <text>FIRST SURVEY OF CANADIAN PRATRIES UNDER DOMINION LANDS SYSTEM BEGAN IN 1869. THIS MARKER IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EARLY IRON TOWNSHIP MARKER, PLACED BY J. MCLATCHIE, D.L.S. IN 1873. MCLATCHIE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR RUNNING THE SECOND BASE LINE SOUTH OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN (1881) AND SURVEYED EXTENSIVELY IN THE PRAIRIES.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="15832">
                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15833">
                <text>TOWNSHIP &amp; SECTION CORNERS WERE ROUTINELY MARKED BY WOOD POSTS UNTIL 1882, WHEN IRON TUBES OR POSTS WERE INTRODUCED. THIS IRONTOWNSHIP MARKER PREDATES THIS CHANGE BY ALMOST 10 YEARS. IT WAS PLANTED BY D.L.S. MCLATCHIE WHO, IN 1888, LOBBYED TO HAVE IRON POSTS &amp; MOUNDS USED AT ALL CORNERS IN WOODED COUNTRY (REF.1 P.11)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15834">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ PLACED AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 19, WEST OF PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN ON EAST BOUNDARY OF ROLLING RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO. 67, MB BY J.MCLATCHIE, D.L.S. IN 1873. REPLACED BY STANDARD POST IN CONCRETE IN 1953 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15835">
                <text>1873-1953</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15836">
                <text>1873</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="15837">
                <text>1953</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15838">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15839">
                <text>1973.0694</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15840">
                <text>Manitoba</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="15841">
                <text>ROLLING RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO. 67"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15842">
                <text>Tree section, blazed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15843">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15844">
                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>TREE BLAZED DURING 1946 SURVEY OF LOT 4, TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA OF YUKON BY JOHN WALCOT, D.L.S. (REF.1 P.22). PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S. S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIANSURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15846">
                <text>TOGETHER WITH OTHER BLAZES &amp; MONUMENTS THIS BLAZED TREE [SECTION] SERVED TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY THE BOUNDARY LINE OF A SURVEYED LOT.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15847">
                <text>EXAMPLE OF BLAZING, ONE METHOD OF MARKING USED ALONG A SURVEY LINE. 3 VERTICAL MARKS WERE CUT WITH AN AXE INTO THE TRUNK OF A STANDING TREE IF IT GREW ALONG THE SURVEY LINE. IF THE TREE WAS LOCATED ON THE EXACT SITE WHERE SURVEYOR WOULD PLANT A POST THE TREE COULD BE CUT, BLAZED &amp; MARKED</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15848">
                <text>*SOURCE:HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ EACH END OF TREE SECTION ORIGINALLY ENCIRCLED BY METAL STRAP-PRESUMABLY TO STOP FURTHER SPLITTING OF WOOD. REMOVED BY NMST 1992.02.00/ BOUNDARIES OF LOT 4 TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA OF YUKON WERE CUT &amp; BLAZED DURING ORIGINAL SURVEY IN 1946 BY JOHN WALCOT, D.L.S. A FOREST FIRE IN 1957 SCORCHED THE TREE BARK &amp; CHARRED THE SURVEYOR'S BLAZE MARKS. THE BARK FELL OFF, REVEALING THE BLAZES. THIS SECTION OF TREE REMOVED BY D.H. BROWN IN 1963/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text> LIVE TREES WERE BLAZED &amp; MARKED.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15850">
                <text>1946</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15851">
                <text>1963</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15852">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15853">
                <text>1973.0695</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15854">
                <text>Yukon Territories</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15855">
                <text>TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA"</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY CEDAR TOWNSHIP CORNER MARKER. OFFICIALLY CEDAR POSTS AS TOWNSHIP CORNER MARKERS WERE NO LONGER USED AFTER 1882</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST PARTIALLY ENCLOSED IN STAND/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE STAND/ PRESENTED TO H.S.M. COMMITTEE BY DR. G. COTE, DIR. SURVEYS BR. DEPT. OF LANDS &amp; FORESTS, PQ. PLACED AT SOUTHWEST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP OF BAIE-DE- GASPE-SUD BY C.F. FOURNIER, DEPUTY PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR IN 1846. THE INSCRIPTIONS 42 &amp; NOXXXXVIII ON ADJACENT SIDES WERE ADDED IN 1866 BY SURVEYOR BLAIKLOCK. CEDAR POST REPLACED IN 1933 BY&#13;
SURVEYORS LACOURCOIRE &amp; GARNEAU/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text> HOWEVER IN MANY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY THEY CONTINUED TO BE USED AFTER THIS DATE. (REF.2, P.53)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15866">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>BAIE-DE-GASPE-SUD"</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15875">
                <text>PROVIDES EFFECTIVE VISUAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANOTHER COMMON 'NATURAL' HAZARD TO WOOD SURVEY MARKERS - FIRE.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-118.0, W-10.5, H-10.0 CM/ PLACED IN HAY MARSH ON A BOUNDARY OF CANOE LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.165B, SK. IN AUG. 1912. TOP PORTION DESTROYED FROM FREQUENT BURNING OF GRASS IN AREA. POST REPLACED BY H.E. ALTER, D.L.S., S.L.S. WITH BRASS CAP CEMENTED IN PIPE IN AUG. 1964/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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                <text>1912</text>
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                <text>1964</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15880">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15881">
                <text>1973.0795</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Saskatchewan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15883">
                <text>CANOE LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.165B"</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15884">
                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>JOHN L. POWER O'HANLY CONSIDERED PIONEER IN SURVEYING OF IND. RESERVES. HIS SURVEY OF THIS RESERVE ORIGINALLY MET WITH OPPOSITION FROM NATIVES, WHO REJECTED SITE AND ALLOTMENT OF 160 ACRES FOR EACH FAMILY OF FIVE AS INADEQUATE. O'HANLEY COMPLETED BOUNDARY SURVEYOF RESERVE AUG.17, 1877 (REF.2 P.281)</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERIMINED BY SURVEYOR</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15889">
                <text>SPRUCE POST, TYPICAL OF PERIOD IN WHICH IT WAS PLANTED, IS EXCEPTIONALLY WELL PRESERVED DUE TO CONTINUOUSLY WET GROUND CONDITIONS IN WHICH IT WAS PLACED. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CDN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15890">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-156.0, W-12.0, H-11.0 CM/ SPRUCE POST PLACED BY J.L.P. O'HANLY, D.L.S. JUL. 30, 1877 IN ORIGINAL SURVEY OF BERENS RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.13, MB. MARKING N.E. CORNER OF NORTHERLY BOUNDARY OF RESERVE. RECOVERED IN AUG. 1963 BY R.O. VASSIL, D.L.S., M.L.S. DURING RESURVEY OF RESERVE/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450/</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15894">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15895">
                <text>1973.0796</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Manitoba</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15897">
                <text>BERENS RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.13"</text>
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