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                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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                <text>Arrow, chaining</text>
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                <text>Part of Cdn. landmarks collection, est.'d in 1952 by R.W. Clark , D.L.S., S.L.S. these markers span over 200 years of Canadian surveying &amp; include items from every province &amp; territory except Nfld.</text>
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                <text>Driven into ground by survey party to mark a measured length.  The arrow or pin may also be used to secure surveyor's chain.</text>
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                <text>*Source: Historic monuments committee, Mr. R.O Semper, chairman/ Chaining arrow mounted on display board / * Dim. given include board; Arrow L-36.0, W-5.0, H-1.5 cm/ Chaining arrow forgotten and left behind, marking a measurement,  4.36 Chains west of southeasterly corner of lot 65 of Smith landing settlement (now Fort Fitzgerald), AB by chainman for E.A. Neville, D.L.S. on  Aug. 03 1912. found by P.J. Timoschuk, D.L.S., A.L.S. on Jul. 27 1961/ See also 1994.0446-0450.&#13;
&#13;
See 1974.0186, 1973.0742, 1973.0811, and 1973.0812 for more survey-related equipment linked to Timoschuk. (SC - May 2009)</text>
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                <text>Treaties played a key role in the activities of Canadian Dominion Land Surveyors. They generally reflect the need for consensus between Aboriginals and the federal government concerning the transfer of land.</text>
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                <text>Library and Archives Canada, accession number 03764c</text>
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                <text> MIKAN number 3022506</text>
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                    <text>Hollow interior of the monument.</text>
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                <text>Views of the exterior and interior of the boundary marker. Of especial interest are its obelisk-like shape, hollow interior, and inscriptions on all four sides.</text>
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                <text>Photographs by student in HIS4135</text>
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                <text>This photo shows a forested boundary area today, which has been maintained by the International Boundary Commission. The 1840s joint boundary commission removed all the trees within 30 feet of the line by hand.</text>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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                <text>Cowichan, BC. Blazed Fir tree marker</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKSCOLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TREE BLAZED &amp; MARKED TO CREATE A WITNESS MONUMENT, THE PURPOSE OF WHICH IS TO ESTABLISH OR CONFIRM THE TRUE SITE OF A SURVEY MARKER.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="15805">
                <text>THIS BLAZE SECTION FROM A BEARING TREE, WITNESSING A WOOD CORNER POST DATES FROM 1915. WITNESS MONUMENTS OF THIS TYPE WERE TO BE USED IN SURVEYS OF DOMINION LANDS FOR TOWNSHIP &amp; SECTION CORNERS IN BUSH C.1871-1889. AFTER 1890, IRON POST, MOUND &amp; TRENCH WERE PRESCRIBED</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ *DIM: GIVEN REFER TO BLAZE SECTION IN CLOSED POSITION; EXTENDED W-41.5 CM/ BLAZE PORTION OF BEARING TREE WITNESSING A WOODEN POST AT THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 15, RANGE 7, COWICHAN DISTRICT &amp; BOUNDARY OF COWICHAN INDIAN RESERVE NO.1, BC. RECORDED AS-FIR 14 550 [DEG] W 13 LKS BY ARTHUR O.NOAKES , B.C.L.S., 1915. BLAZE &amp; INVERSE REMOVED IN 1960 FROM 24" LIVING TREE BY D.H. BROWNE, D.L.S. THREE NEW BEARING TREES REFERENCE NEW STANDARD (CLS) POST/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450"</text>
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                <text> 1915: Surveyor A. Noakes blazed a sight line at Section 15 Range 7 of the Cowichan Indian Reserve No. 1 and Cowichan Valley boundary, west of present day Duncan, BC.  </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15808">
                <text>1960: Collector D. H. Browne removed the blazed fir tree for a larger collection being compiled in Ottawa that consisted of markers from all over Canada.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15809">
                <text>1973 to Present Day: The blazed fir tree marker resides in Ottawa at the Museum of Science and Technology.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15810">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15811">
                <text>1973.0782</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15812">
                <text>Duncan, British Columbia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="15813">
                <text>Section 15 Range 7&#13;
Cowichan Indian Reserve No. 1 and Cowichan Valley boundary</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Instruments</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17172">
                  <text>A selection of instruments used by the Dominion Land Surveyors of Canada.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Crabtree rule</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>survey instrument </text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This Parallel Line Rule is a heavy-weighted object, suitable for life on flat surfaces.  All of its part are made of brass, which is a sturdy and relatively inexpensive material.  The rule is slightly tarnished but has no discernible damage.  This would suggest it was a desk object and well taken care of.  &#13;
It was made by H.S. Crabtree around 1930, and was eventually collected by famed Canadian surveyor Louis Sebert who collected older, non-technical objects for nostalgic purposes.  In 2003 Sebert's wife handed the instrument to the Museum of Science and Technology in Ottawa where it has been ever since.&#13;
References:&#13;
Archive.org&#13;
https://archive.org/stream/uoftreportgov1944univ/uoftreportgov1944univ_djvu.txt&#13;
https://www.archive.org/stream/n01ontariosession65ontauoft/n01ontariosession65ontauoft_djvu.txt?keepThis=true&amp;TB_iframe=true&#13;
MARCH 4&#13;
Smithsonian Online&#13;
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_690215&#13;
Individual Collections&#13;
https://www.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page39.html&#13;
Royal Museum Greenwich&#13;
https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/42814.html&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16727">
                <text>H. S. Crabtree ltd. Toronto, circa 1930</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16728">
                <text>circa 1930's: made/marked by H. S. Crabtree &#13;
2003: collected by Museum of Science and Technology </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16729">
                <text>Bass (all parts)&#13;
severe in appearance with distinctly shaped hinges that are most notably associated with H. Hughes &amp; Son design from England.&#13;
heavier than an average parallel rule, about 2 lbs. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16730">
                <text>English </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16731">
                <text>mathematical instrument used for drawing parallel lines on a chart or graph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16732">
                <text>2004.0015.1 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16733">
                <text>Canadian survey instrument&#13;
Ontario, Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1321" public="1" featured="0">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16794">
                <text>D. K. MacDonald's Fieldbook, 1965, Point Pleasant Park</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16795">
                <text>Field Book: 30768&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16796">
                <text>Jessica Ozorak</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16797">
                <text>Photos taken by Jessica Ozorak at Natural Resources Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16798">
                <text>Natural Resources Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16799">
                <text>D. K. MacDonald's Fieldbook (FB30768). Natural Resources Canada. D. K. MacDonald. 1965</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Collectors</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17004">
                  <text>In 1952, Dominion Land Surveyor, R.W. Clarke began collecting historic survey markers in order to preserve the history of federal surveying in Canada. Clarke and several passionate colleagues collected a variety of markers from across Canada. In 1973, the historic monument committee of Energy, Mines and Resources (now Natural Resources Canada) donated this entire collection (over 140 markers) to the National Museum of Science and Technology.&#13;
&#13;
This collection is the start of a database related to the original collectors and some of their markers.&#13;
&#13;
An early history of this collection can be found in following article from 1965:&#13;
&#13;
Sebert, L.M. 1965. "One Hundred and Sixty-Three Landmarks."  The Canadian Surveyor XIX (2):220-223.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>D.H. Browne's transit, Yukon survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16679">
                <text>&#13;
&#13;
Transit set up over a found set of pits on westerly boundary of airport reserve, looking westerly along the resurveyed line. This post became the number 1 corner of Lot 420, Group 804 which adjoins the reserve. Location – Lot 420, Group 804 - Yukon</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16680">
                <text>Photographed by D.H. Browne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16681">
                <text>Photo 77-2-63, Surveyor General Branch&#13;
Natural Resources Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16682">
                <text>1963</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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