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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>ATTACHED TO IRON RODS TO MARK SURVEYED SITES. IN THIS CASE TOWNSHIP SECTION CORNER.</text>
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                <text>IN 1882 IRON POSTS WERE SUBSTITUTED FOR WOODEN POSTS AT TOWNSHIP SECTION CORNERS IN PRAIRIE LAND. THEY WERE PLANTED IN THE CENTER OF AN EARTH MOUND, WITH APPRX 2 INCHES VISIBLE AT TOP. A SQUARE TIN PLATE, BEARING APPROPRIATE SECTION, RANGE, &amp; DIRECTION COORDINATES, WAS SLIPPED OVER THE TOP &amp; FASTENED BY A NAIL.(REF.2 P.11)</text>
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                <text>NO. BREAKDOWN: .1-.2 MARKER PLATES/ *CONDITION: .2 POOR/ *SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ PLATES MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; .1 L-15.1, W-15.5, H-1.1; .2 L-15.5, W-15.3, H-0.8 CM/ .1: ATTACHED TO IRON POST WITH 4 PITS &amp; MOUND AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP 3, RANGE 32, WEST OF PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN, SK. PLACED BY T.D. GREEN, D.L.S. IN 1888/ .2: DETAILS NOT KNOWN/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1888-C.1960. THIS TYPE OF MARKER WAS STANDARD FOR USE ON TOWNSHIP SECTION CORNER IN PRAIRIE LAND C.1882-1886</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada,</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>IN NS &amp; NB IT WAS COMMON PRACTICE TO LEAVE TREES STANDING, SHOULD THEY BE FOUND ON A BOUNDARY LINE, &amp; TO BLAZE THEM ON BOTH SIDES WHERE THE LINE HIT THE TREE. THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THESE TREESWERE 3 HACKS THE SURVEYOR MADE UPWARDS INTO EACH BLAZE WITH AN AXE, 2-3 INCHES APART. THESE TREES HELPED VERIFY LINE.</text>
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                <text>SERVED AS REFERENCE POINT FOR SURVEYORS ESTABLISHING STRAIGHT LINES WITH THE AID OF A COMPASS. BLAZED, MARKED &amp; LEFT STANDING, CENTRE TREES ALSO PROVIDED EVIDENCE OF THE SURVEY LINE (REF.1, P.31)</text>
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                <text>INTERESTING EXAMPLE OF SURVEY METHODS &amp; MARKERS FROM LATE 1800S- EARLY 1900S IN NOVA SCOTIA &amp; NEW BRUNSWICK. SURVEYORS OF THAT PERIOD RAN "STRAIGHT" LINES BY MEANS OF A COMPASS. THESE CENTER TREES (ALSO KNOWN AS LINE OR COMPASS TREES) PROVIDED REFERENCE POINTS FOR SURVEYORS &amp; PROVIDED LASTING EVIDENCE OF LINE</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ TREE TRUNK SECTION MOUNTED UPRIGHT ON CIRCULAR BASE/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BASE; MARKER H-125.0, L-23.0, W-21.0 CM/ TREE MARKED DURING COMPASS SURVEY ON EASTERLY BOUNDARY OF BIG HOLE TRACT INDIAN RESERVE NO.8, NB BY W.E. FISH, DEPUTY LAND SURVEYOR IN 1915 &amp; BLAZED &amp; PAINTED BY G.L. MILLER, DEPUTY LAND SURVEYOR IN 1923./ TREE CUT IN 1959 BY R.O. SEMPER, D.L.S. &amp; N.D. MCLELLAN, N.B.L.S./ SEE&#13;
ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>BIG HOLE TRACT INDIAN RESERVE NO.8"</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF BEARING TREE MARKED AS A WITNESS MONUMENT, REFERENCING A SECTION CORNER. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TO REFERENCE &amp; MARK A PRECISE SURVEYED LOCATION WHEN IT IS IMPOSSIBLE OR IMPRACTICAL TO PLANT A MARKER ON THE SITE.</text>
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                <text>1881 MANUAL OF SURVEYS (J.S. DENNIS) ISSUED TO DLS SURVEYORS ALLOWED FOR ERRECTION OF A WITNESS MOUND NEAR BY THE TRUE CORNER OF A SURVEYED SITE. BEARING TREES WERE ALSO PERMITTED AS WITNESS MARKERS, WHERE PRACTICAL SURVEYOR'S FIELD BOOK ENTRY FOR SUCH A WITNESS MONUMENT WOULD NOTE BEARING &amp; DISTANCE OF SITE OF TRUE CORNER FROM WITNESS MARKER (REF.2 P.14).</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ ORIGINALLY MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST STAFF 1994.02.00/ 16-INCH FIR TREE BLAZED &amp; INSCRIBED BY H.N.CLAQUE, B.C.L.S. IN 1921/ THIS WITNESS TREE MARKED SOUTHWEST CORNER OF SECTION 17, RANGE 2, COWICHAN DISTRICT, BC IN COWICHAN INDIAN RESERVE NO.1/ THIS SLAB OF SUBSEQUENT GROWTH SHOWS INVERSE OF ORIGINAL INSCRIPTION/ REMOVED BY I.M.D.FOX IN 1959/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450/</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15300">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973.0734</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>British Columbia</text>
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                <text>COWICHAN DISTRICT,  IN COWICHAN INDIAN RESERVE NO.1</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF POST CAP DESIGN IN USE AFTER 1916. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ ORIGINALLY MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD, REMOVED BY NMST 1994.02.00/ POST FOUND IN STORAGE IN FORT SMITH, NWT BY M.WUHR, D.L.S. IN 1958/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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                <text>THIS POST NEVER USED. THIS CAP DESIGN INTRODUCED C.1916</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15396">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada,</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15426">
                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15427">
                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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                <text>Landmarks</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15430">
                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15431">
                <text>INTERESTING VISUAL ILLUSTRATION OF DAMAGE SUSTAINED BY WOODEN SURVEY MARKERS DUE TO FIRE- A FAIRLY COMMON OCCURANCE, AND ONE OF MANY COMPELLING ARGUEMENTS PUT FORWARD BY SURVEYORS WHO FAVORED THE USE OF IRON MARKERS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15432">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ CHARRED POST HEAD MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST HEAD L-53.0, W-9.2, H-9.0 CM/ POST PLACED IN A MOUND AT SOUTHWEST CORNER OF LOT 525, GROUP 1052, YK IN 1925 BY H.G. DICKSON, D.L.S. REPLACED BY STANDARD POST, 4 PITS &amp; MOUND IN 1960 BY R.T. MCCURDY, D.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1925-1960</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15434">
                <text>1925</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15435">
                <text>1960</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15436">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada,</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15437">
                <text>1973.0763</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Yukon Territories</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14772">
                  <text>Survey Markers</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14773">
                  <text>Exported from Canada Science and Technology Museum Open Data, Dec. 2014.https://www.techno-science.ca/en/data.php</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Canada Science and Technology Museum</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15481">
                <text>Marker part, survey</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Exploration and Survey</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>W.F. ROBERTS, N.B.L.S. SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF SURVEYING. FROM 1947-56 HE WAS IN CHARGE OF ALL SURVEY PARTIES FOR DEPT. OFLANDS &amp; MINES. HE WAS DRIVING FORCE BEHIND ASS'N OF NB LAND SURVEYORS, SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF ORGANIZING BODY &amp; WAS FIRST PRESIDENT AFTER INCORPORATION. (REF.2 P.116-228)</text>
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                <text>DISTINGUISHING MARK MADE ON STANDING TREE BY A SURVEY PARTY TO IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE.</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ BLAZE MOUNTED ON WOODEN DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; BLAZE L-110.0, W-30.0, H-11.0 CM/ PORTION OF BEARING TREE BLAZED IN 1947 BY W.F. ROBERTS, N.B.L.S. DURING THE SURVEY OF THE WESTERLY BOUNDARY OF FUNDY NATIONAL PARK, NB. ALSO FOUND AT THE CORNER WAS A WOODEN POST PLACED AT THE SAME TIME BY THE SAME SURVEYOR. BLAZE RECOVERED BY 1963 BY R.O. SEMPER, D.L.S., N.B.L.S. WHO REPLACED THE WOODEN POST WITH C.L.S. STANDARD POST &amp; STONE MOUND/ SEE ALSO&#13;
940446-940450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1947-1963</text>
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                <text>1947</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15491">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973.0771</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>FUNDY NATIONAL PARK"</text>
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                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC SITE ON THE BOUNDARY LINE OF SURVEYED AREA</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp;TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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