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                <text>FIRST SURVEY OF CANADIAN PRATRIES UNDER DOMINION LANDS SYSTEM BEGAN IN 1869. THIS MARKER IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EARLY IRON TOWNSHIP MARKER, PLACED BY J. MCLATCHIE, D.L.S. IN 1873. MCLATCHIE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR RUNNING THE SECOND BASE LINE SOUTH OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN (1881) AND SURVEYED EXTENSIVELY IN THE PRAIRIES.</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR</text>
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                <text>TOWNSHIP &amp; SECTION CORNERS WERE ROUTINELY MARKED BY WOOD POSTS UNTIL 1882, WHEN IRON TUBES OR POSTS WERE INTRODUCED. THIS IRONTOWNSHIP MARKER PREDATES THIS CHANGE BY ALMOST 10 YEARS. IT WAS PLANTED BY D.L.S. MCLATCHIE WHO, IN 1888, LOBBYED TO HAVE IRON POSTS &amp; MOUNDS USED AT ALL CORNERS IN WOODED COUNTRY (REF.1 P.11)</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ PLACED AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 19, WEST OF PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN ON EAST BOUNDARY OF ROLLING RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO. 67, MB BY J.MCLATCHIE, D.L.S. IN 1873. REPLACED BY STANDARD POST IN CONCRETE IN 1953 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S./ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>1973.0694</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Manitoba</text>
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                <text>ROLLING RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO. 67"</text>
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                <text>Tree section, blazed</text>
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                <text>TREE BLAZED DURING 1946 SURVEY OF LOT 4, TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA OF YUKON BY JOHN WALCOT, D.L.S. (REF.1 P.22). PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S. S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIANSURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TOGETHER WITH OTHER BLAZES &amp; MONUMENTS THIS BLAZED TREE [SECTION] SERVED TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY THE BOUNDARY LINE OF A SURVEYED LOT.</text>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF BLAZING, ONE METHOD OF MARKING USED ALONG A SURVEY LINE. 3 VERTICAL MARKS WERE CUT WITH AN AXE INTO THE TRUNK OF A STANDING TREE IF IT GREW ALONG THE SURVEY LINE. IF THE TREE WAS LOCATED ON THE EXACT SITE WHERE SURVEYOR WOULD PLANT A POST THE TREE COULD BE CUT, BLAZED &amp; MARKED</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE:HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ EACH END OF TREE SECTION ORIGINALLY ENCIRCLED BY METAL STRAP-PRESUMABLY TO STOP FURTHER SPLITTING OF WOOD. REMOVED BY NMST 1992.02.00/ BOUNDARIES OF LOT 4 TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA OF YUKON WERE CUT &amp; BLAZED DURING ORIGINAL SURVEY IN 1946 BY JOHN WALCOT, D.L.S. A FOREST FIRE IN 1957 SCORCHED THE TREE BARK &amp; CHARRED THE SURVEYOR'S BLAZE MARKS. THE BARK FELL OFF, REVEALING THE BLAZES. THIS SECTION OF TREE REMOVED BY D.H. BROWN IN 1963/ SEE ALSO 940446-940450</text>
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                <text> LIVE TREES WERE BLAZED &amp; MARKED.</text>
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                <text>1946</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15852">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15853">
                <text>1973.0695</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Yukon Territories</text>
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                <text>TAKHINI HOT SPRINGS AREA"</text>
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                <text>PLACED AT SOUTHWEST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP OF BAIE-DE-GASPE-SUD BY C.F. FOURNIER, DEPUTY PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR IN 1846. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESEMARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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                <text>EXAMPLE OF EARLY CEDAR TOWNSHIP CORNER MARKER. OFFICIALLY CEDAR POSTS AS TOWNSHIP CORNER MARKERS WERE NO LONGER USED AFTER 1882</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST PARTIALLY ENCLOSED IN STAND/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE STAND/ PRESENTED TO H.S.M. COMMITTEE BY DR. G. COTE, DIR. SURVEYS BR. DEPT. OF LANDS &amp; FORESTS, PQ. PLACED AT SOUTHWEST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP OF BAIE-DE- GASPE-SUD BY C.F. FOURNIER, DEPUTY PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR IN 1846. THE INSCRIPTIONS 42 &amp; NOXXXXVIII ON ADJACENT SIDES WERE ADDED IN 1866 BY SURVEYOR BLAIKLOCK. CEDAR POST REPLACED IN 1933 BY&#13;
SURVEYORS LACOURCOIRE &amp; GARNEAU/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text> HOWEVER IN MANY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY THEY CONTINUED TO BE USED AFTER THIS DATE. (REF.2, P.53)</text>
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                <text>1846</text>
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                <text>1933</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15866">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973.0697</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Quebec</text>
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                <text>BAIE-DE-GASPE-SUD"</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15874">
                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15875">
                <text>PROVIDES EFFECTIVE VISUAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANOTHER COMMON 'NATURAL' HAZARD TO WOOD SURVEY MARKERS - FIRE.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15876">
                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-118.0, W-10.5, H-10.0 CM/ PLACED IN HAY MARSH ON A BOUNDARY OF CANOE LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.165B, SK. IN AUG. 1912. TOP PORTION DESTROYED FROM FREQUENT BURNING OF GRASS IN AREA. POST REPLACED BY H.E. ALTER, D.L.S., S.L.S. WITH BRASS CAP CEMENTED IN PIPE IN AUG. 1964/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1912</text>
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                <text>1964</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>CANOE LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.165B"</text>
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                <text>JOHN L. POWER O'HANLY CONSIDERED PIONEER IN SURVEYING OF IND. RESERVES. HIS SURVEY OF THIS RESERVE ORIGINALLY MET WITH OPPOSITION FROM NATIVES, WHO REJECTED SITE AND ALLOTMENT OF 160 ACRES FOR EACH FAMILY OF FIVE AS INADEQUATE. O'HANLEY COMPLETED BOUNDARY SURVEYOF RESERVE AUG.17, 1877 (REF.2 P.281)</text>
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                <text>SPRUCE POST, TYPICAL OF PERIOD IN WHICH IT WAS PLANTED, IS EXCEPTIONALLY WELL PRESERVED DUE TO CONTINUOUSLY WET GROUND CONDITIONS IN WHICH IT WAS PLACED. PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CDN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>1877</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>1973.0796</text>
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                <text>Manitoba</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15897">
                <text>BERENS RIVER INDIAN RESERVE NO.13"</text>
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                <text>PART OF CDN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, EST'D IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YRS. OF CANADIAN SURVEYING &amp; INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE &amp; TERRITORY EXCEPT NFLD.</text>
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                <text>TO MARK &amp; IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR.</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENT COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ BAR MOUNTED ON WOOD DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; BAR L-91.0, W-4.3, H-3.8 CM/ FOUND BY K.H. NEAL, M.L.S. IN NOV. 1953 AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF SECTION 21 TOWNSHIP 5 RANGE 11, WEST OF PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN (SWAN LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.7, MB) DETAILS OF ORIGINAL PLACEMENT UNKNOWN. RECOVERED BY D.B. GILLMORE M.L.S. IN 1960 &amp; REPLACED BY STANDARD POST IN CONCRETE, 4 PITS &amp; MOUND/ DEACCESSIONED: JUN 16 1995 [F 6412-111]/ SEE ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15907">
                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>1973.081</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>Manitoba</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15910">
                <text>SWAN LAKE INDIAN RESERVE NO.7"</text>
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                <text>Marker, survey</text>
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                <text>PART OF CANADIAN LANDMARKS COLLECTION, ESTABLISHED IN 1952 BY R.W. CLARK, D.L.S., S.L.S. THESE MARKERS SPAN OVER 200 YEARS OF CANADIAN SURVEYING INCLUDE ITEMS FROM EVERY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY EXCEPT NEWFOUNDLAND.</text>
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                <text>TO IDENTIFY THE PRECISE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF A SPECIFIC SITE, AS DETERMINED BY A SURVEYOR</text>
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                <text>POST HEAD UNUSUAL IN THAT, WHILE TOP IS POINTED TO PROMOTE DRAINAGE, ONLY 2 SIDES WERE PREPARED</text>
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                <text>*SOURCE: HISTORIC MONUMENTS COMMITTEE, MR. R.O. SEMPER, CHAIRMAN/ POST MOUNTED ON DISPLAY BOARD/ *DIM: GIVEN INCLUDE BOARD; POST L-147.0, W-14.0, H-14.0 CM/ PLACED AT QUARTER-SECTION CORNER ON EAST BOUNDARY OF SECTION 26, TOWNSHIP 26 RANGE 14, WEST OF 5TH MERIDIAN BY P.R.A. BELANGER, D.L.S. IN 1886 DURING SUBDIVISION SURVEYS OF DOMINION LANDS. THIS AREA NOW WITHIN LIMITS OF BANFF NATIONAL PARK. REPLACED WITH IRON POST IN 1959 BY M. WUHR, D.L.S., A.L.S./ SEE&#13;
ALSO 940446-0450</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>1973.0785</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>BANFF NATIONAL PARK"</text>
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                <text>Part of Cdn. landmarks collection, est.'d in 1952 by R.W. Clark , D.L.S., S.L.S. these markers span over 200 years of Canadian surveying &amp; include items from every province &amp; territory except Nfld.</text>
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                <text>Driven into ground by survey party to mark a measured length.  The arrow or pin may also be used to secure surveyor's chain.</text>
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                <text>Type sample of chaining or surveyor's arrow.</text>
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                <text>*Source: Historic monuments committee, Mr. R.O Semper, chairman/ Chaining arrow mounted on display board / * Dim. given include board; Arrow L-36.0, W-5.0, H-1.5 cm/ Chaining arrow forgotten and left behind, marking a measurement,  4.36 Chains west of southeasterly corner of lot 65 of Smith landing settlement (now Fort Fitzgerald), AB by chainman for E.A. Neville, D.L.S. on  Aug. 03 1912. found by P.J. Timoschuk, D.L.S., A.L.S. on Jul. 27 1961/ See also 1994.0446-0450.&#13;
&#13;
See 1974.0186, 1973.0742, 1973.0811, and 1973.0812 for more survey-related equipment linked to Timoschuk. (SC - May 2009)</text>
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                <text>1912</text>
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                <text>Government of Canada Open Government Licence https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada</text>
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                <text>1973.0685</text>
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                <text>CARCROSS"</text>
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