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                <text>Map of the Villages of Niagara Falls, &amp; Niagara City, New York, and the Village of Elgin, and the City of the Falls, Canada </text>
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                <text>Digital map reproduction provided by: Brock University Map, Data &amp; GIS Library, Historical Maps of Niagara map exhibit.&#13;
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The area surrounding the electrical generating station outside of the commune of Avion, France</text>
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Lens, France and surrounding communes.</text>
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                <text>Almasy carries around a book with him at all times, the book is Herodotus’s Histories. Herodotus was a writer who lived from 484 BCE to about 430 or 420 BCE. He is considered the the father of history, for his depiction of stories in the past. Histories was a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography and clashes of various cultures that were known in the Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece. Hana describes Almasy’s 1890 edition of the book, &#13;
“She picks up the notebook that lies on the small table beside his bed. It is the book he brought with him through the fire— a copy of The Histories by Herodotus that he has added to, cutting and gluing in pages from other books or writing in his own observations— so they all are cradled within the text of Herodotus” (Ondaatje 222-223). &#13;
Almasy uses the book to collect scraps of information from other books, as well as to take notes and even collect flora samples. He also uses it for the history though, as Abu Baker describes &#13;
“Almasy and other explorers use literary legends and Herodotus’ Histories to explore reality. [...] The use of an ancient book of history in these explorations testifies to the strength of knowledge that outlives its own time. Herodotus’ book remains, according to Almasy, useful even in modern times not just for scholarly study but for colonial exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of other countries.”  (Abu Baker 101-102)&#13;
Dr. Bermann claims in his lecture to the Geographical Society that he brought only Histories in their “travelling library”, the best guidebook for the Libyan Desert (Bermann 458). &#13;
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                <text>David Caravaggio is a middle-aged thief who arrives at the villa. He has heard that Hana is living there with the patient, after the rest of the hospital has left.  He knows Hana from before the war, was a friend of her fathers and saw her grow up. He has been working as a thief and collector of information during the war. He comes to the villa to see Hana, but he remains there and questions the English patient. Caravaggio has been scarred by the war, just like all the others. His thumbs have been cut off, after being caught by the enemy. He thinks to himself &#13;
“He had lived through a time of war when everything offered up to those around him was a lie. He had felt like a man in the darkness of a room imitating the calls of a bird. But here they were shedding skins. They could imitate nothing but what they were. There was no defence but to look for the truth in others” (Ondaatje 1454-1457). &#13;
Caravaggio realizes who the English Patient is, and names him as Laudilus de Almasy. The incoherent narrative that Almasy provides is better understood when Caravaggio arrives. Caravaggio questions the Almasy, but he already suspects who he is. &#13;
Hana at one point in the book writes, “There is a man named Caravaggio, a friend of my father’s. I have always loved him. He is older than I am, about forty-five, I think. He is in a time of darkness, has no confidence. For some reason I am cared for by this friend of my father” (Ondaatje 759-761). &#13;
Caravaggio tries to protect Hana from the English patient, tries to detach her from him. They reminisce about their past lives, but they also feel detached from it. &#13;
“Caravaggio sits there in silence, thoughts lost among the floating motes. War has unbalanced him and he can return to no other world as he is, wearing these false limbs that morphine promises. He is a man in middle age who has never become accustomed to families. All his life he has avoided permanent intimacy. Till this war he has been a better lover than husband. He has been a man who slips away, in the way lovers leave chaos, the way thieves leave reduced houses. He watches the man in the bed. He needs to know who this Englishman from the desert is, and reveal him for Hana’s sake.” (Ondaatje 1449-1454).&#13;
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                <text>Katharine Clifton is first mentioned in the epigraph of The English Patient. The death of herself and her husband are mentioned in the fictional Geographical minutes that Ondaatje has creating, “Clifton at Gilf Kebir, followed later by the disappearance of his wife, Katharine Clifton, which took place during the 1939 desert expedition in search of Zerzura. I cannot begin this meeting tonight without referring very sympathetically to those tragic occurrences. The lecture this evening …” (Ondaatje, 35-37). &#13;
The significance of who the Clifton’s are remains unknown to the readers until later in the book, when the Clifton’s arrive on scene in the desert to explore with Almasy and the others. Alongside the expected arrival of Geoffrey Clifton, is his new wife, Katherine, who joins the expedition.&#13;
Some aspects of the real life Katharine remain the same, for example her exploration of the desert. Dr Bermann mentions her in his lecture “Mr. Patrick Clayton, Almasy's late companion, led another expedition into the Gilf region; he was joined by Lady Clayton, Sir Robert's widow, and by Lieut.-Commander Roundell.” (Bermann, Historic Problems of the Libyan Desert, 457-8). &#13;
Almasy first falls in love with Katharine because of her voice. She recites poetry or reads from Herodotus by the fireside during their time in the desert. &#13;
After knowing her for a year, they come to realize their mutual desire for one another. Their affair is passionate. They hide it only from her husband, but all others know. And then it ends, and they retreat from one another, two very different people. &#13;
“She had always wanted words, she loved them, grew up on them. Words gave her clarity, brought reason, shape. Whereas I thought words bent emotions like sticks in water. She returned to her husband. From this point on, she whispered, we will either find or lose our souls. Seas move away, why not lovers? The harbours of Ephesus, the rivers of Heraclitus disappear and are replaced by estuaries of silt. The wife of Candaules becomes the wife of Gyges. Libraries burn. What had our relationship been? A betrayal of those around us, or the desire of another life?” (Ondaatje 2853-2857). &#13;
Katharine is a character marked by her affair, and her tragic death. She is known to us only through Almasy.&#13;
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