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          <name>Birth Date</name>
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              <text>1616 (or 1613)</text>
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          <name>Birthplace</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3796">
              <text>Auvergne, France</text>
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          <name>Death Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3797">
              <text>d. 1696</text>
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          <name>Place of Death</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3798">
              <text>Sault Ste. Marie, Canada</text>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3799">
              <text>Jesuit teacher; missionary; parish priest; explorer; superior</text>
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          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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              <text>French; English; Indigenous languages (is noted to have had exceptional skill with languages)</text>
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              <text>Albanel was born in France to French or English parents in either 1616 or 1613. He studied in the Jesuit order and taught throughout France at various Jesuit colleges. In 1649 Albanel travelled to Canada; arriving in Quebec he travelled to Montreal where he ministered to the people there. He travelled to the Tadoussac mission in 1650 and returned there many times over the next 10 years, making missions there for the winter and returning in the spring/summer to Quebec. He spent many years travelling around Canada as a missionary, priest, and military chaplain. In 1671 he was chosen as one of two men to travel to Hudson Bay to determine if it was the rumoured Northern Sea. He was selected in part due to his dealings with the Indigenous people familiar with Hudson Bay. He was successful in this endeavour and attempted to repeat that success in 1674. However, this journey was unsuccessful as Albanel was injured and then captured by the English and subsequently sent to England. Returning first to France to clear his name, then to Quebec with the suspicion of his treachery lifted. He was sent to Sault Ste Marie as a the superior and spent the rest of his life in that area as a missionary and priest. Dying at the age of 80 on January 11, 1696.</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3806">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3807">
              <text>Bryan Clarke</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3794">
                <text>Albanel, Charles</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3802">
                <text>1671-1673</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Jesuit order, Hudson Bay/Canada</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Albanel was tapped to lead an expedition to Hudson Bay in 1671. After false starts and hardships he set out with his party in 1672. Through his diplomacy and relationship with the Indigenous people not only did Albanel reach Hudson Bay but he established ties with the Indigenous people there, baptized 200 people (by his own account), and discovered the British ships he had been sent to find. &#13;
Tasked with a second expedition in 1673, Albanel was unsuccessful. He suffered great injury and hardship and after seeking refuge with the English was captured and sent to England. This led to suspicion of his allegiances, which were eventually absolved. He did not return to Hudson Bay.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3805">
                <text>Georges-Émile Giguère, “ALBANEL, CHARLES,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 30, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/albanel_charles_1E.html.</text>
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  <item itemId="435" public="1" featured="0">
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      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3809">
              <text>1688</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3810">
              <text>Orleans, France</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3811">
              <text>1738</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3812">
              <text>Les Éboulements, Canada (Quebec)</text>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3813">
              <text>Teacher at the Jesuit college;  Deacon; Priest; Missionary; Author of a dictionary Montagnais</text>
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          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3814">
              <text>French; Algonkin; Montagnais (Innu-aimun)</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3815">
              <text>Pierre-Michel Laure was a Jesuit, a Roman Catholic order of brothers and priests, joined in 1707. He travelled to Canada shortly after, he was settled in Quebec. Soon after he became priests, he was trusted with rebuilding the abandoned mission to the Montagnais in the Saguenay region. He started teaching the Montagnais Catholicism. He traveled to the Montagnais at Tadoussac where he spent four winters and built a chapel and house for the missionary, there he taught more and more people about religion and the French language. During those summers he kept his ministry at Chicoutimi and to Papinoachois, at Îlets Jérémie. Over time Father Laure did some great things for his mission, and he would have liked to do more. In 1737, Father Laure was appointed resident missionary at Les Éboulements. He soon later passed after his last trip to Saguenay in 1738.</text>
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          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3816">
              <text>“Laure, Pierre-Michel.” Laure, Pierre-Michel - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec. Accessed October 1, 2021. https://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&amp;id=13535&amp;type=pge. </text>
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        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3822">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3823">
              <text>Hannah Upward</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3824">
              <text>Vers 1711-1738 Pierre-Michel Laure (Jean-François Régis)&#13;
https://rd.uqam.ca/LeJeune/1711Laure.html&#13;
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3808">
                <text>Laure, Pierre-Michel (Missionary in Quebec, Canada)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3817">
                <text>1720-1738</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Chicoutimi, Montagnais at Tadoussac, Papinachois at the post on the Îlets Jérémie</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3819">
                <text>When Pierre-Michel Laure first arrived to Quebec he was a teacher then he traveled to Saguenay, where he realized Catholicism was a forgotten religion among the Montagnais. Father Laure had a lot to teach the citizens about religion. Father Laure would hold religious services around Tadoussac and continued to carry out his ministry in Chicoutimi and Papinachois. Father Laure left important geographical and ethnological data, an “français-montagnais,”, maps, and plently more.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3820">
                <text>Victor Tremblay, “LAURE, PIERRE-MICHEL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 1, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laure_pierre_michel_2E.html.&#13;
“Laure, Pierre-Michel.” Laure, Pierre-Michel - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec. Accessed October 1, 2021. https://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&amp;id=13535&amp;type=pge. </text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3821">
                <text>Person</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="436" public="1" featured="0">
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3826">
              <text>1626</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3827">
              <text>Ath, Belgium</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3828">
              <text>1705</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3829">
              <text>Rome, Italy</text>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3830">
              <text>Author; priest; Recollet; missionary; explorer; historiographer.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3831">
              <text>French; Flemish       His books were translated into: Italian; Dutch; German. (But I don’t think it was Hennepin that translated them).</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3832">
              <text>Louis Hennepin arrived December 6, 1678 to Niagara Falls, Ontario. He was a writer and often wrote about his experiences in New France as a settler to Europe who had never been to North America. This pertains to his travels to Niagara because he made the Niagara Falls well known to the world (or at that time, Europe). He also worked on establishing a Fort in Niagara Falls and a “bark” (which I will have to research more. I assume it is referring to a structure made of tree bark?). After it was done, he left Niagara to go travel with René-Robert Cavalier De La Salle. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3838">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3839">
              <text>Meghan Moore</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3840">
              <text>Hennepin at Niagara Falls. 1942. The Picture Gallery of Canadian History Vol I, Library and Archives Canada. By C.W. Jefferys https://www.cwjefferys.ca/father-hennepin-at-niagara-falls.</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3825">
                <text>Louis Hennepin (Priest and Missionary in Ath, Belgium)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3833">
                <text>December 6, 1678 - May 11, 1679</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3834">
                <text>Niagara Falls, Ontario</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hennepin and others were led by Dominique La Motte de Lucière to Niagara to build a fort and a “bark”. Hennepin was famously known for bringing attention to the beautiful waterfalls claiming it was “the most beautiful and altogether the most terrifying waterfall in the universe”. They were successful in both projects despite the many difficulties that arose. This included external challenges like watching out for the Indigenous people who lived in the area. They also dealt with internal issues of lacking supplies and/or food and the discontentment of the crew. The fort they built in the winter was named Fort Conti. He was sent off to get Gabriel and Zénobe to bring them back there and never returned to Niagara Falls.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3836">
                <text>Jean-Roch Rioux, “HENNEPIN, LOUIS,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hennepin_louis_2E.html.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3837">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="437" public="1" featured="0">
    <itemType itemTypeId="12">
      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3842">
              <text>1610</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3843">
              <text>Garat, France</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3844">
              <text>1681</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3845">
              <text>Quebec, Canada</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3846">
              <text>Priest; Jesuit; Missionary; Explorer</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3847">
              <text>French; Montagnais; Abenaki</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3848">
              <text>Gabriel Druillettes was a Jesuit missionary who joined the Society of Jesus in 1629 and became a priest in 1641. He traveled to New France for the first time in 1643 and began to create a reputation for himself as a respected missionary. Druillettes is also known for his love of exploring. He traveled New France extensively, often spending the winter months with the Montagnais (Innu) hunters of Sillery (Campeau, 2003). He spent the summer months in the French settlement of Tadoussac, which was established in 1600 and remains the oldest European settlement in Canada (Belshaw, 2015, 103).&#13;
&#13;
The Sainte-Croix mission was established in Tadoussac by the Jesuits in 1642 to carry out their missionary work (Parks Canada, 2019). It’s possible Druillettes worked out of this base during those summers. &#13;
</text>
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3849">
              <text>Belsaw, J.D. 2015. Canadian History: Pre-Confederation. Victoria, B.C.: BCampus. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/preconfederation/&#13;
&#13;
Canada. Parks Canada. 2019. The Sainte Croix de Tadoussac Mission Church, Tadoussac, Quebec. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/parks-canada/news/2019/06/the-sainte-croix-de-tadoussac-mission-church-tadoussac-quebec.html&#13;
</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3855">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Kayla Pudden</text>
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                <text>Druillettes, Gabriel (missionary in Tadoussac, Quebec)</text>
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                <text>1647-1650 and 1664-1665</text>
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                <text>Possibly Sainte-Croix mission. Tadoussac, Quebec, Canada. </text>
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                <text>Druillettes was a highly regarded priest and missionary who was known for gaining the respect and affection of the Indigenous people that he encountered. During one of his winter trips with the Montagnais, he suffered injury to his eyes from smoke in the lodges that eventually resulted in blindness, but he was able to heal himself and regain his sight through the prayer of his flock. Henceforth he was considered a “miraculous being” (Campeau, 2003) by the Indigenous peoples and they would travel long distances to hear him preach in Tadoussac. &#13;
&#13;
The Jesuits replaced the Récollets in 1629. They differed from their predecessors by accepting Indigenous culture during the process of conversion instead of attempting to Europeanize Indigenous ways of life (Belsaw, 2015, 120). This is evident in Druillettes’ winter trips with the Montagnais where he was immersed in their culture and hunted along side them. His influence and reputation often made him successful in his mission to convert Indigenous people to Catholicism.&#13;
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                <text>Belsaw, J.D. 2015. Canadian History: Pre-Confederation. Victoria, B.C.: BCampus. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/preconfederation/&#13;
&#13;
Lucien Campeau, “DRUILLETTES (Dreuillettes, Drouillettes, Drouillet, Droulletes, Drueillettes, Druilletes), GABRIEL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 5, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/druillettes_gabriel_1E.html.&#13;
&#13;
Canada. Parks Canada. 2019. The Sainte Croix de Tadoussac Mission Church, Tadoussac, Quebec. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/parks-canada/news/2019/06/the-sainte-croix-de-tadoussac-mission-church-tadoussac-quebec.html&#13;
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              <text>Priest; Sulpician; member of the Société de Montréal; vicar general to the archbishop of Rouen; founder and first superior of the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice in Montreal.</text>
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              <text>Beginning at 11 years old in 1623, Thubieres became the abbot (abbé) of Loc-Dieu in Rouergue. From that year on, he did extensive religious research in Catholicism, gaining a doctorate of theology and becoming an ordained priest in 1645. That same year he joined the “Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice” as well as the “Société de Montréal.” The Société de Montréal created a settlement in Ville-Marie (Québec) to which Queylus was nominated to leave France in order to teach at the seminary in Canada in 1657. This wasn’t approved by the Jesuits, causing lots of tension between the groups. Prior to his departure, he was named the archbishops official and vicar-general in New France, which helped in gaining legitimacy and authority. Throughout his time in Ville-Marie, he worked on preparing the town for more settlers. In 1661, he was forced to return to France, but he returned in 1668 as a superior of the seminary in Ville-Marie. He did lots of “conversion work” in Ville-Marie including attempts at the cultural conversion of Indigenous peoples which weren’t totally successful. He stayed there until 1671 when he returned to France to live out the rest of his life.</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3871">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3872">
              <text>Jennifer Goodman</text>
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          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Thubières De Levy De Queylus, Gabriel (Vicar General to the Archbishop of Rouen in Québec, Canada)</text>
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                <text>His work in Ville-Marie begins in 1657 when Thubières de Queylus leaves his home country of France. There, he becomes the founder of the Saint-Sulpice seminary. He spends many years teaching Catholicism and creating a society of religious knowledge in Montreal. He worked to reorganize the Christian territory of Montreal and prepared it for more missionaries and European settlers. Throughout his time in Ville-Marie, he also had a goal of converting the Indigenous population of Quebec, proclaiming that they need to be saved from their savage tendencies. This was done by inviting Indigenous boys into the seminary where the goal was French assimilation. He continued his role as educator, priest, Sulpician, etc. until he returned to France in 1671.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3869">
                <text>André Vachon, “THUBIÈRES DE LEVY DE QUEYLUS (Kaylus, Kélus, Quélus), GABRIEL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/thubieres_de_levy_de_queylus_gabriel_1E.html.</text>
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              <text>1638</text>
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              <text>Aix-en-Provence, France</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3881">
              <text>Antoine Silvy was a Jesuit, and was explicitly Christian, as he spent his life preaching and going around as a missionary. He began by preaching to different Indigenous communities, then he adventured out with Chevalier de Troyes to go preach to the Indigenous peoples farther away from Quebec. He got back to Quebec in 1693 and he worked as a math teacher for a few years, then he worked as a minister and mission adviser as well as a spiritual director to end of his career before he passed away in 1711.</text>
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3882">
              <text>N/A</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3888">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3889">
              <text>Daniel Gagne</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3890">
              <text>N/A</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3874">
                <text>Silvy, Antoine (Missionary in Quebec, Quebec)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3883">
                <text>(1673-1684) Missionary; (1693-1711) Math Teacher, Missions Adviser, Minister &amp; Spiritual Director</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Quebec,Quebec, Canada; Hudson Bay, Quebec, Canada</text>
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                <text>Antoine Silvy began in Quebec in 1673 where he had become and ordained priest and began evangelizing to many different groups of Indigenous peoples, from Chicoutimi (1678-1679) to Portneuf (Winter of 1683). He mastered the languages quickly allowing him to speak to each colony about God in their own language. He then traveled out of Quebec, but when he came back, he became a math teacher for a few years before changing into a spiritual director as well as a minister and mission adviser. This left him as a very accomplished evangelist, and he got high praises for it after he died in Quebec in 1711.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3886">
                <text>Victor Tremblay, “SILVY, ANTOINE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 30, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/silvy_antoine_2E.html</text>
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              <text>1639</text>
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              <text>Arras, France</text>
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              <text>1702</text>
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              <text>Jesuit; priest; missionary to the Montagnais Indians</text>
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              <text>De Crespieul was admitted into the noviciate in Tournai in 1658, and afterwards studied philosophy in Douai. He completed his classical studies at the Lille college, where he then taught the senior class for four years. He was allowed to join the missions in Canada as soon as he was ordained priest in 1670. After sailing the Atlantic, Crespieul arrived in Québec city and was asked to teach Latin and Greek to the senior class at the Jesuit college, while simultaneously completing his theological studies and learning the Montagnais (Innu) language. He then went to Tadoussac in order to start missionary work. He followed the Montagnais throughout their territory, living their lifestyle amongst them. He finally returned to Québec where he was named an adviser by his superior. He died in the city the same year.</text>
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          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3899">
              <text>N/A</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3905">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3906">
              <text>Charlotte Lepage</text>
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                <text>De Crespieul, François (Missionary in Québec, Canada</text>
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                <text>1671-1702</text>
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                <text>Jesuit order, Montagnais territory in Tadoussac, Canada</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>De Crespieul arrived in Tadoussac in October of 1671, where he stayed for the next 30 years. He travelled throughout the entire territory, from Île-aux-Coudres, Sept-Îles, Tadoussac, Lake Mistassini, Chicoutimi, Métabetchouan, to Nekoubau. He followed the Montagnais tribe throughout the forests and lived their lifestyle. He ate only when he was offered food and during winter, he spent most of his time kneeling to keep warm, on top of constantly being exposed to smoke. Crespieul lived amongst them and learned their ways for a little over 30 years despite the difficult living conditions. He was given the title of “apostolic vicar” (meaning he was the supervisor of a specific region) to the Montagnais people in 1696. In 1702, he returned to Québec and died not long after.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3903">
                <text>Lorenzo Angers, “CRESPIEUL, FRANÇOIS DE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 1, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/crespieul_francois_de_2E.html.</text>
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          <name>Birth Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3908">
              <text>1608</text>
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              <text>Paris, France</text>
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          <name>Death Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3910">
              <text>1680</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Paris, France</text>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
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              <text>Priest; Jesuit; missionary; superior of the Huron mission; superior of the Jesuits in Canada; procurator of the Canadian mission in Paris</text>
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          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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          <name>Biographical Text</name>
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              <text>Paul Ragueneau entered the Paris noviciate in 1626, and taught at the Collège in Bourges from 1628 to 1632. He arrived in Quebec in 1636, before being moved to the Huron area the following year. After eight years as a subordinate, he rose to become the Huron mission's superior in 1645, and stayed in the village of Saint-Marie. In 1649, following Iroquois attacks and other health problems in the mission, he would move with the Hurons on the little island of Île St-Joseph (now Christian Island) in the Georgian Bay, naming it Saint-Marie II. He would stay on the island for the winter before departing for Quebec. In 1650, he was named as the superior of the Canadian mission, holding onto that post for three years. In 1656, he was moved to Trois-Rivières, before departing again for Sainte-Marie-de-Ganentaa. He would leave for France in 1662, and never returned to Canada. In Paris, he was named as the representative of the Jesuit missions in New France. He would pass away on the 3rd of September 1680, at the age of 72 years.</text>
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          <name>Bibliography</name>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3921">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3922">
              <text>Sasha Smilovich</text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3923">
              <text>Paul Ragueneau, père, [Around 1950], BAnQ Québec, Collection Centre d'archives de Québec, (03Q,P1000,S4,D83,PR4), Non-identifiable photograph.&#13;
&#13;
URL: https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3108530 </text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3907">
                <text>Ragueneau, Paul  (Jesuit missionary in Île-Saint-Joseph, Canada)</text>
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                <text>Île St-Joseph (Christian Island), Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Father Paul Ragueneau was the superior of the Huron mission. Following raids by the Iroquois, as well as epidemic and starvation problems, Ragueneau made the tough decision to move the 300 or so surviving Hurons from Saint-Marie onto a small island named Île St-Joseph, or Saint-Marie II (now Christian Island), off the coast of the Georgian Bay. They would spend the harsh winter on the island, with many Hurons dying of starvation and disease during the period of refuge. Because of this unsustainable living space, and the potential threat of an Iroquois attack, Ragueneau decided they couldn’t stay there much longer. He, alongside the remaining Hurons, left the island and took the long journey back to Quebec.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3919">
                <text>Léon Pouliot, “RAGUENEAU, PAUL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ragueneau_paul_1E.html. </text>
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          <name>Birth Date</name>
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              <text>1639</text>
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          <name>Birthplace</name>
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              <text>Arras, France </text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>1702</text>
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          <name>Place of Death</name>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
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          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3930">
              <text>French; Latin; Greek; Montagnais</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3931">
              <text>François De Crespieul began his religious training in 1658, then completed his philosophical and classical studies in France before fully becoming a priest. He was given the title of priest in 1670 and was sent to Tadoussac in hopes to begin his missionary work. Before beginning his work, Crespieul taught Latin and Greek at Jesuit college while finishing his theological studies as well as taking lessons in in language himself. The language of Montagnais would come in handy in his future missionary career dealing with the Montagnais territory. His mission was set in a wide range, covering from Île-aux-Coudres to Sept-Îles and Tadoussac to Lake Mistassini. He was part of this mission 30 years and because of his loyalty and commitment to this mission he was honoured with the title of vicar apostolic to the Montagnais tribe</text>
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        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3937">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3938">
              <text>Hunter Seeley</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3924">
                <text>De Crespieul, François (missionary in Tadoussac Quebec, Canada)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3932">
                <text>1671-1702</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3933">
                <text>Missionary (Île-aux-Coudres to Sept-Îles) (Tadoussac to Lake Mistassini) </text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>François De Crespieul was a missionary to the Montagnais tribe for 30 years. He followed and visited the Montagnais people through a wide range of villages in Quebec. Crespieul travelled far and wide through forest country and living like a member of the Montagnais tribe to seek his mission through. He explains how in his mission he suffered from things like smoke inhalation, exhaustion, malnutrition amongst other painful exposure. Crespieul was accompanied by Father Bonaventure Fabvre in 1688 to assist him in his continuation of his mission. Fabvre lasted almost 11 years of the mission before passing in 1700. Crespieul, exhausted and ill, finished off his mission in 1702 where he passed away from smallpox. </text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3935">
                <text>Lorenzo Angers, “CRESPIEUL, FRANÇOIS DE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 4, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/crespieul_francois_de_2E.html.</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3936">
                <text>Organization</text>
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  <item itemId="443" public="1" featured="0">
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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          <name>Birth Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3940">
              <text>1636</text>
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          <name>Birthplace</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3941">
              <text>chateau of Casson-sur-l'Erdre, in the diocese of Nantes, Lower Brittany</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3942">
              <text>1701</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3943">
              <text>Montreal, New France</text>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3944">
              <text>cavalry captain, Sulpician, military chaplain, explorer, Superior of the Sulpicians of New France, seigneur of Montreal Island, parish priest of Trois Riviere, then of Ville-Marie (Montreal), vicar general of the diocese of Quebec, architect, historian&#13;
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        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3945">
              <text>French, Algonkian language: Nipissing</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3946">
              <text>Dollier was born at the chateau of Casson-sur-l’Erdre, near Nantes, in the year 1636. He had two sisters and would begin his adult life in the military to uphold his knightly and martial ancestry. After three years in the military, Dollier would join the Sulpicians to continue his studies and become a priest. He would be chosen to be sent to the New World, an action in which he describes himself as a victim. He would gain high religious positions within New France and periodically return to France. He died on September 27th, 1701&#13;
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3947">
              <text>N/A&#13;
</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3953">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3954">
              <text>Jarod Kernaghan</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3955">
              <text>N/A</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Dollier de Casson, Francois </text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3948">
                <text>Started 7 September 1666 Ended 27 September 1701</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3949">
                <text>Sulpicians, in Ville-Marie (Montreal), New France</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3950">
                <text>Dollier would arrive in Ville-Marie in autumn of 1666 weak from a poor bloodletting surgery. Despite this, he would go to help garrisoned soldiers stationed at Fort Sainte-Anne who were suffering from scurvy. He would be sent to Trois-Riviere but returned to Montreal in the summer of 1667. He would then begin the learn the Nissiping Algonkian language. Through his time with this Tribe, Dollier learned of the chief’s slave boy from a southern tribe. This led to the possibility to evangelize the Ottawa Tribe. He did get permission from the religious authorities in Quebec, where his mission led him as far as modern-day Hamilton. During his missionary work in the Great Lakes region, a war between the Algonkian and Iroquois began, but Dollier would help resolve the conflict. Dollier would return to Montreal in 1672, which had tripled in population. Dollier would become the first historian of Montreal through his Histoire de Montreal. Dollier would protect the church rights in Montreal, as seen through his protest when the governor of Montreal imprisoned a priest. He returned to France in 1676 but returned to Montreal in 1678. Dollier was well-liked and would often bring people together.  Saint Vallier trusted Dollier very much and made him vicar-general. When he went back to France, Saint Vallier asked the vicar general of Quebec to get in touch with Dollier if the need arose. In his final years, Dollier would use his wealth to invest in the Lachine Channel, which he would not see finished, and the project would be abandoned shortly after his death in 1701.&#13;
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3951">
                <text>Mathieu, J. (1982). Dollier de Casson, Francois. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol 2. Univesity of Toronto/Universtie de Laval. retrieved from https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dollier_de_casson_francois_2E.html &#13;
</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3952">
                <text>Person</text>
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  <item itemId="444" public="1" featured="0">
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3957">
              <text>1641</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3958">
              <text>Château de Fénelon, Périgord, France</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3959">
              <text>1679</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3960">
              <text> Aubeterre, France</text>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3961">
              <text>Priest; Missionary; Fur Trader; Jesuit  </text>
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        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3962">
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3963">
              <text>Salignac De La Mothe-Fénelon was born in 1641, in Périgord, France. There is not much known about his previous education/schooling, but it is known that he was eager to begin his work as a missionary. In 1666 Salignac Fénelon wanted to devote himself to the missions in New France, so he began training in Paris and was quickly Ordained in 1668. He spent minimal time training, only 15 months, and then went to Montreal to begin his work. Fénelon worked with Indigenous children because he had experience working with them before and was granted three islands to conduct his work. He did good work and was even praised by Governor Buade de Frontenac. Eventually though, he ran into trouble and ended up being imprisoned for trading pelts and abusing his authority while working as a missionary.  </text>
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3964">
              <text>N/A</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3970">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3971">
              <text>Madison Eldridge</text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3972">
              <text>N/A</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3956">
                <text>Fénelon, Salignac (Jesuit in Montreal, Quebec)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3965">
                <text>(1668-1679)</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3966">
                <text>Montreal, Quebec</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3967">
                <text>Fénelon did a lot of good work in Montreal. He received a recommendation letter from the Governor and was constantly praised. Although he did good work, Salignac De La Mothe-Fénelon was still modest. In 1672, Bishop Level wanted to publish a story of his and Fénelon’s exploits, but Fénelon told him their work did not need to be published. Fénelon worked largely with Indigenous children and was granted three islands to lead his mission. The islands were in Lac Saint-Louis, which was adjacent to Montreal. His work continued and he left Montreal but came back in 1674 to continue. Although he did much good, he was later imprisoned for participating in the fur trade in Montreal. Later he was forbidden by the king to continue living in Canada. He then withdrew from his work in Canada and later retired all together. </text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3968">
                <text>Olivier Maurault, “SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHE-FÉNELON, FRANÇOIS DE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/salignac_de_la_mothe_fenelon_francois_de_1E.h </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3969">
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  <item itemId="445" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3974">
              <text>1586</text>
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          <name>Birthplace</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3975">
              <text>Somewhere near Paris, France</text>
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          <name>Death Date</name>
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              <text>1632</text>
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              <text>Near Gisors, France</text>
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              <text>French; Huron, Algonkin and Montagnais languages</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3980">
              <text>Joseph Le Caron was a priest belonging to the Recollets, a branch of the Catholic Church. His devotion to the church was unmatched among other members of the Recollets. He joined the Order at 25 years of age, and made it clear that his loyalty was with the gospel. He proved this by embarking on dangerous missions in New France, as well as by showing his discontent with the Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint-Malo, a fur trade company. Le Caron believed that agents of that company were “hindering the spread of the gospel”. &#13;
&#13;
He would also be appointed by the missionaries to lobby the King in favor of the Church’s goals. One instance came when Le Caron wrote a 38 page indictment of the Compagnie des Marchands, as the priest believed the company was engaging in activities “paralysing the development of the Church”.</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3986">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3987">
              <text>Zacharie Landry</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3973">
                <text>Le Caron, Joseph (missionary in New France) </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>25 May 1615 - 9 September 1629</text>
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                <text>Organization: The Recollets; Carhagouha, Tiny, Ontario and Tadoussac, Québec, Canada</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In Carhagouha, Le Caron was the first missionary among the Hurons. He took up residence there, with the goal of learning the language of the Huron people and to “proclaim God’s name” to them. On 12 August 1615, the first Catholic Mass was celebrated in Huron county by Joseph Le Caron, as he was accompanied by Samuel de Champlain and the men who were present with him. &#13;
Le Caron subsequently visited seven other indigenous villages, and the inhabitants and the French started a friendship. &#13;
&#13;
In 1617, Joseph Le Caron went to Tadoussac to see the Montagnais people. He expanded his work, and began to teach them how to read and write. Le Caron wanted more assistance with his mission in Tadoussac, but he knew the country did not have the amount of resources needed for the priest’s big plans. Over the next dozen years, Le Caron would go back-and-forth from Quebec to France, hoping to convince higher-ups of his ambitions with the Indigenous people. His efforts would come to an end in 1629 after the English made New France their possession. Le Caron returned to France and died of the plague on 29 March 1632.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3984">
                <text>Frédéric Gingras, “LE CARON, JOSEPH,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 4, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_caron_joseph_1E.html.</text>
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4006">
              <text>1591</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4007">
              <text>Vitry-le-Francois, France</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4008">
              <text>1664</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4009">
              <text>Paris, France</text>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4010">
              <text>Superior of the Jesuits; Editor of the Relations; Procurator of the Canadian mission</text>
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        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4011">
              <text>French; Cree</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4012">
              <text>Father Le Jeune was born in champagne France to Calvinist parents, but embraced Catholicism at 16. He joined the noviciate and was instructed by Father Masse, who has just returned from Acadia and was planting the seed of missionary work in his students, including Le Jeune. He studied philosophy and Theology and was a teacher and preacher before becoming appointed superior-general of the Jesuit mission in Canada. although he never asked to be a missionary, he was excited to carry out the work. </text>
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4013">
              <text>Jaenen, Cornelius J. “Paul Le Jeune.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Canadian Encyclopedia, January 21, 2008. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/paul-le-jeune. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4019">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4020">
              <text>Hunter Everett</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, https://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4005">
                <text>Le Jeune, Paul   (Superior of the Jesuits, New France)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4014">
                <text>1632-1649, 1660</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4015">
                <text>Jesuit Residence, Quebec</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4016">
                <text>Father Le Jeune was the superior of the Jesuits of Quebec from 1632-1639, and author of the first 15 Relations sent back to France. Upon his arrival to Quebec Father Le Jeune revitalised the Jesuit residence as well as started his relation work with the indigenous. He attended a winter hunt in which he mastered the Huron language as well as conceived of ways in which to carry out the mission. These included converting nomadic tribes to agriculturally sedentary lifestyle, instituting schools for the young and hospitals for the sick, as well as hand picking exemplary French citizens to inhabit Quebec. In the Relations Le Jeune wrote back to Europe on the affairs and daily life of Canada in order to recruit Jesuits and to receive further funding from France.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4017">
                <text>Léon Pouliot, “LE JEUNE, PAUL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 29, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_jeune_paul_1E.html.</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4018">
                <text>Person</text>
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  <item itemId="448" public="1" featured="0">
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4022">
              <text>1657</text>
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        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4023">
              <text>Pontarlier, Diocese of Besançon (France)</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4024">
              <text>1724</text>
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          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4025">
              <text>Norridgewock (Narantsouak, today Old Point, South Madison, Maine), Modern day America</text>
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          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4026">
              <text>Priest; Jesuit; Missionary to the Abenakis</text>
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        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4027">
              <text>French; the Abenaki language</text>
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          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4028">
              <text>Born in 1657, Sébastien Rale would later become a valuable ally to the French, a dangerous enemy to the English, and a respectable Father to the Abenakis of Norridgewock. Beginning his religious path, he joined the Society of Jesus at Dole in 1675 and he was later sent to his first mission at which he learned to speak the Abenaki language. Throughout his work in Norridgewock, from 1694 to his death, Rale dedicated and endangered his life to preserving the Roman Catholic faith within the Abenaki people of the area. Furthermore, as a French missionary, his duties would become entwined with the political and social conflicts between the English and the French. He influenced many decisions when it came to the English ruling of Abenaki land which made him a constant target for raids. In the end, the English would succeed in killing Rale with much hardship. Many have conflicting opinions on Sébastien Rale, but his presence was indubitably significant to the inhabitants of Norridgewock. </text>
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4029">
              <text>N/A</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4035">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4036">
              <text>Ashely Fong</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4021">
                <text>Rale, Sébastien (missionary in Norridgewock, Maine) </text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4030">
                <text>1694-1724</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4031">
                <text>Norridgewock (Narantsouak, today Old Point, South Madison, Maine), Modern day America</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4032">
                <text>To start, Sébastien Rale was the one to found the mission to Abenakis at Norridgewock on the Kennebec River in 1694. It is stated that one main reason as to why the Abenaki peoples had closer ties to the French was through the Roman Catholic faith. Therefore, Rale’s role in Norridgewock would be very important especially when it came to Indigenous-French relations during this time. In the War of Spanish Succession, Abenakis were not neutral and sided with the French to which Rale then solidified the Abenakis’ loyalty to the French. As Rale’s influence grew, the more desperate the English were to seize him. Despite the Abenakis’ pleas for Father Rale to leave Norridgewock (out of concern for his safety), Rale continued to stay as he took on the responsibility of keeping the faith of the Abenaki people and that it was his purpose. Consequently, the multiple raids sent to seize Sébastien led to the Abenakis attacking English settlements. These events led to a war known by several names: Dummer's, Lovewell's, Father Rale's, or the Three Years' War. During this time, one raid would succeed in killing Father Rale and ending his missionary work in Norridgewock. </text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4033">
                <text>Thomas Charland, “RALE, SÉBASTIEN,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/rale_sebastien_2E.html. </text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Person</text>
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      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4038">
              <text>1589</text>
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          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4039">
              <text>Duchy of Anjou, France</text>
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        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4040">
              <text>1652</text>
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        <element elementId="75">
          <name>Place of Death</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4041">
              <text>Orléans</text>
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        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4042">
              <text>Recollet priest; missionary in New France</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="76">
          <name>Languages Spoken or Written</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4043">
              <text>French</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4044">
              <text>He was a part of the Recollets of Balmette. Jean Dolbeau had the first mass celebrated in Quebec. He helped build a chapel named St.Charles with rooms for the other missionaries. He stayed in Quebec and ministered to the French. He would also try to convert Indigenous people. When he visited Quebec for the second time, he brought a jubilee- the first of Quebec. In 1620 he blessed the corner-stone of Canada’s first convent and seminary.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4045">
              <text>Frédéric Gingras, “DOLBEAU, JEAN,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 4, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dolbeau_jean_1E.html.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4051">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="74">
          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4052">
              <text>Carley Best</text>
            </elementText>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4053">
              <text>Jean Dolbeau - Détails du monument de Ste-Jeanne d'Arc-(Sillery) Québec, Daniel Abel, 2011, Flikr</text>
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                <text>June 2 1615 to Summer of 1617; June 27 1618 to Fall of 1620</text>
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                <text>Quebec City, Quebec, Canada</text>
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                <text>In Quebec City, Jean Dolbeau supported and encouraged the French colonizers. He also fought to convert Indigenous people to his religion, even taking an Indigenous boy back home with him to France to “educate” him.</text>
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                <text>Frédéric Gingras, “DOLBEAU, JEAN,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 4, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dolbeau_jean_1E.html.</text>
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              <text>Claude Chauchetière was an artist, a mystic, a mathematician, and a Jesuit missionary. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Bordeaux in 1663 on his 18thbirthday, after witnessing the death of a priest who was meant to depart for a mission in Canada prior to his death. Chauchetière came to Quebec for the Huron mission in 1677 and spent a year at Sault-Saint-Louis, before moving onto the Iroquois mission at Saint-François-Xavier. These missions were both meant to convert the Huron and Iroquois populations of New France to becoming Jesuits. Chauchedière continued contributing to the missions until his death in Quebec in 1709.</text>
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              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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              <text>Nina Zajac</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4070">
              <text>“The Lily of the Mohawks” oil painting by Father Claude Chauchetière.&#13;
&#13;
https://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2012/07/pere-pierre-cholenec-sj-pere-claude.html</text>
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                <text>	 He worked at the Huron mission in 1677 and worked at the Iroquois mission in 1678.</text>
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                <text>His first mission, the Huron mission, was in Sault-Saint-Louis in Quebec, and his second was the Iroquois mission in Saint-François-Xavier in Quebec. </text>
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                <text>Claude Chauchetière’s first mission was the Huron mission at Sault-Saint-Louis in Quebec. Here, he painted a portrait in oils of an Indigenous maiden and wrote a brief biography of the “lily of the Mohawks”. A year later, he moved onto the Iroquois mission at Saint-François-Xavier in Quebec. In 1682, he painted an illustration of the sacraments and of the seven deadly sins, which were put into books for the Indigenous people to bring out into the fields and forests. Later on, he began writing letters describing his missions. He also taught mathematics on his missions and was incredibly interested in scientific concepts, and even wrote about the natural phenomena of his missions.</text>
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              <text>Jesuit missionary; mathematician; artist; mystic; author of Annual Narrative of the Mission of the Sault from Its Foundation Until the Year 1686</text>
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              <text>Claude Chauchetière was a devoted Jesuit from a young age. He chose to do missionary work in New France (Canada) at age 18 due to wanting to imitate the suffering and passion of Christ - New France being known as a place of struggle. Chauchetière studied the Huron language in order to work with the Hurons for his first year. He later was appointed to work in Caughnawaga by taking confession, visiting the sick, tending to the dying, writing reports and celebrating mass. Being a talented painter, Chauchetière would draw biblical illustrations and paintings in his evangelization work with the natives.He encountered Kateri Tekakwitha, an Algonquin-Mohawk Jesuit convert, while staying with the Caughnawaga . This encounter spiritually affected him and would work on having her canonized as a saint after her death. Chauchetière would go on to record about his mission work in his published work Annual Narrative of the Mission of the Sault from Its Foundation Until the Year 1686.	</text>
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          <name>Bibliography</name>
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              <text>“Claude Chauchetière.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. Accessed October 3, 2021. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/claude-chauchetiere &#13;
Hogue, Kellie Jean. "A Saint of Their Own: Native Petitions Supporting the Canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha, 1884–1885." US Catholic Historian (2014): 25-44 	</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4085">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4086">
              <text>Arina Smirnyagina</text>
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          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4087">
              <text>n/a</text>
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                <text>Claude Chauchetière</text>
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                <text>Claude Chauchetière was responsible to perform masses, help out the poor and dying, write reports on his progress and take confessions. One of his main focuses lay with helping the many converts of Caughnawaga in the excessive use of self-flagellation. They would practice self-mortification as evidence of their faith, which Chauchetière  found unnecessary. Another concern that Chauchetière dealt with is the influence of liquor among the Indians. Despite numerous teachings and lessons provided by him about the dangers of liquor, they still continued to drink excessively. 	</text>
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                <text>“Biography – Chauchetière, Claude – Volume II (1701-1740) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography.” Home – Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Accessed October 3, 2021. https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/chauchetiere_claude_2E.html &#13;
&#13;
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              <text>N/A</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4102">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4103">
              <text>Jonathan Ojangole</text>
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          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
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                <text>In Montreal, he was chaplain to the troops sent to aid Quebec during a siege by Phips where he boldly declared the victory against the English to be attributed exclusively to the virgin. Due to his support for Sister Tardy whose visionary character upset a lot of religious authorities, he was sent to France in 1691. He returned to New France in 1692 where he eventually attained the dignity of precentor to the chapter of Quebec where he died in 1723 after being paralyzed for a few days. </text>
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                <text>Céline Dupré, “LA COLOMBIÈRE, JOSEPH DE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 1, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_colombiere_joseph_de_2E.html.&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Juconde Drué is a French designer from Paris who decorated the interior of churches. Before his travels, he learned how to paint and design at Recollet monastery, where Frère Luc, (Claude François) lived and introduced the Recollet style. Drué took those techniques, such as the woodcarving, and brought them to Canada, where he used them to design churches, one of which was the Recollet church of Montreal in 1706. Although he was very talented artistically, Drué decided to dedicate most of his time to missionary work and he was referred to as “prêtre missionnaire”, in Quebec. It is evident that he had spent some time at Saint-Augustin de Portneuf. He stopped his missions for a couple of years in order to become the first chaplain of the Hôpital Générale of Quebec. The last mention of Juconde Drué in Canada was in 1726, in Montreal.&#13;
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              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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              <text>Jana Ksibati-Mathieu</text>
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                <text>He worked across Canada, mostly in the province of Quebec. </text>
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                <text>As mentioned previously, Juconde Drué was an artist and spent a lot of his time redesigning churches. Although he is originally from Paris, France, he travelled to Canada and there are numerous churches affiliated with and influenced by his design style, however not all of them survived. Nevertheless, there were numerous evidence of his work in Montreal, such as the Recollet Church, designed in 1706, which Pierre Janson, dit Lapalme, was said to have been hired to finish. Drué influenced many designers. The church of Pointe-aux-Trembles had many of his trademark features and was decorated by Pierre-Nöel Levasseur, although it was destroyed in 1937. He was last seen in the city of Montreal, in 1726. &#13;
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                <text> Alan Gowans, “DRUÉ, JUCONDE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/drue_juconde_2E.html.&#13;
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              <text>Claude Trouvé was born in the province of Touraine, France. Trouvé was a Christian, and studied theology from a young age at the Sulpician seminary in Paris. In 1668, at the age of 24, he had priesthood conferred upon him , and soon after, at the request of members of the Cayuga tribe, was sent to Quinte, New France as a Sulpician missionary in June 1668. Trouvé moved throughout New France as a missionary, eventually ending up in Beaubassin. Fleeing from English attacks , Trouvé died from exhaustion in late 1704 in Fort Chedabouctou.</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4133">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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              <text>Nkele Martin</text>
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                <text>Beginning in 1668, Trouvé was the director of the Quinte mission. After 12 years, the mission was branded a failure due to their relatively small impact on the community and low conversion rate compared to their output of effort and money. In 1680 Trouvé was appointed as the director of and sent to La Montagne for a new mission. The aim of the mission was to Christianize the Indigenous population of the area. He was also placed in charge of the nuns of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame. He remained in this position for a year, returning to France in autumn of 1681 upon his ill fathers wishes.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4131">
                <text>Biography – Trouvé, Claude – volume II (1701-1740) – dictionary of Canadian biography. Home – Dictionary of Canadian Biography. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2021, from https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/trouve_claude_2E.html. </text>
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              <text>While in Quebec, Xiste served as a Priest and later as director of the Third Order and novice master. The Third Order is essentially a membership of lay people who live outside of their religious institution but maintain participation in a religious lifestyle. As novice master of the Third Order, Xiste oversaw training and management of all young novices within his institution (Third Order). There isn’t a lot of information out there on further specifics on what Xiste Le Tac did while in Quebec beyond Novice Master and Director of the Third Order. It does mention that he had an argument with a Governor in Acadia over the use of gravel and because of this disagreement he went back to France and never returned to new France as he died shortly thereafter.</text>
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              <text>Armentrout, Donald S. “Novice Guardian or Novice Master or Novice Mistress.” The Episcopal Church, 1999. https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/novice-guardian-or-novice-master-or-novice-mistress/#! &#13;
Hoffman, Father Francis. “What Is a Third Order?: Simply Catholic.” Simply Catholic | Helping Catholics know &amp; love the Lord and his Church. Simply Catholic, July 21, 2021. https://www.simplycatholic.com/what-is-a-third-order/. &#13;
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4161">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4162">
              <text>Taryn Feheley</text>
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                <text>Le Tac, Xiste  (Missionary in Quebec, New France)</text>
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                <text>Worked as a priest in Quebec region, when he returned from Trois-Rivieres he worked as Director of the Third Order and novice master.</text>
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                <text>As Director of the Third order, Xiste would lead periodic devotional activities and services for members of the order in the Quebec region. This included small scale mass services and prayer groups. The idea of the third order was that there was less steadfast, written in stone rules the members had to follow and things they had to do, as a result, Xiste lead smaller scale events and remained present for members as they needed him for confessionals and other support.&#13;
As novice master, Xiste ensured that all Novice members of the Order were trained and devoted their time to prayer, meditation, studying the religion, history and vows they had to take. Novice Masters were not necessarily considered teachers, but rather overseers. If you were a novice, your study and devotion to the religion came from within in you and your novice master was there only to ensure you were devoting your time well and to the right thing.</text>
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                <text>Armentrout, Donald S. “Novice Guardian or Novice Master or Novice Mistress.” The Episcopal Church, 1999. https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/novice-guardian-or-novice-master-or-novice-mistress/#! &#13;
Hoffman, Father Francis. “What Is a Third Order?: Simply Catholic.” Simply Catholic | Helping Catholics know &amp; love the Lord and his Church. Simply Catholic, July 21, 2021. https://www.simplycatholic.com/what-is-a-third-order/. &#13;
Michel Paquin, “LE TAC, XISTE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 4, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/le_tac_xiste_2E.html.</text>
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              <text>In her hometown of Troyes, France she worked with a convent as a non-cloistered member and came to what is now Canada in 1653.&#13;
She opened a boarding girls’ school in Montreal in 1658, and later she opened a school for Indigenous children in La Montagne&#13;
&#13;
On the 2nd of July 1659 she founded the Congrégation de Notre-Dame de Montréal. This was originally uncloistered and followed the Catholic faith.&#13;
&#13;
In the 1660s she opened a domestic arts school and primary school in Quebec. &#13;
&#13;
While she was alive she was regarded as a saint, however, she was not Canonized until 1982.&#13;
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4176">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4177">
              <text>Fiona Johnstone</text>
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                <text>1620 – 1653 Troyes, France – was attending The The Congrégation de Notre-Dame and was part of a non-cloistered group of women who met there (at age 33) 1653-1658 girls’ school in Montreal. She found few children there because of the high rate of infant mortality but persisted and founded the school. 1658 – returned to France to bring back staff for the school. 1670 – petitioned the king, after travelling to Paris to support her institution and grant her letters of patent. in 1671 he did so. Returned to New France with 3 neices. 1676 – opened a boarding school in Ville Marie at the request of local families 1678 – establishes a mission in the village of Montagne, a first nations community 1680 – returned to France  1692- A school for girls from poorer families is opened in Quebec.  1693 – resigns from her post as head of the Montreal house, (mother superior).  1698 began a book after becoming cloistered earlier that same year</text>
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                <text>New France</text>
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                <text>Simpson, Patricia. Marguerite Bourgeoys and Montreal, 1640-1665. Montréal, Qué: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1997.&#13;
&#13;
https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bourgeoys_marguerite_1E.html&#13;
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              <text>Catherine was born on May 3, 1632, at Saint-Sauveur-le-Victome (Lower Normandy). She wanted to do God’s Will in everything from a young age. As a child, she had many moments of divine intervention. A few years later, the Hospitallers of Québec needed reinforcements so she and her sister volunteered. Catherine became a nun before she turned 16 and they travelled to Québec, where they worked at the Hôtel-Dieu in Québec City.  She died of tuberculosis in 1668 after 20 years as a missionary.</text>
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              <text> N/A</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
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              <text>Jessica Shackleton</text>
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          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
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              <text>Marie-Catherine de Simon de Longpré (dite de Saint-Augustin) - [18-] &#13;
&#13;
© Archives de la Ville de Montréal &#13;
&#13;
Cote : P0355 &#13;
Document iconographique collé sur un carton &#13;
Exposition virtuelle des Portraits historiques canadiens </text>
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                <text>de Simon de Longpré, Marie-Catherine (missionary in Québec City, Québec)  </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1648-1668</text>
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                <text>The Hospitallers of Bayeux, l'Hôtel-Dieu, Québec City  </text>
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                <text>Catherine was known as an exemplary nun. She worked with the Hospitallers of Bayeux at Hôtel-Dieu, Québec City. She was a depositary (1659), senior Hospitaller (1663), and mistress of novices (1665) before she was considered as being elected superior. But, she died before that was possible. Catherine was loved and "thought to be perfect by nature". She was so absorbed in her position that only death would tear her away from Canada. She was mourned by the community and brought great blessings to the land. She improved everyone she came across. </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4190">
                <text> &#13;
Marie-Emmanuel Chabot, o.s.u., “SIMON DE LONGPRÉ, MARIE-CATHERINE DE, dite de Saint-Augustin,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 30, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/simon_de_longpre_marie_catherine_de_1E.html. </text>
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              <text>1593</text>
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              <text>Priest; Jesuit: founder of the Huron Mission</text>
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              <text>Born in France, de Brébeuf entered the Jesuit noviciate when he was 24 years old. Because of his aptitude for languages (de Brebeuf was highly educated in the Romance languages), he was chosen for the missions in New France in 1625 and set sail in April of that year.&#13;
&#13;
          De Brébeuf spent most of his time in the New World among the Hurons and would later establish a mission in Huron country which is today known as Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons. Unbeknownst to him, de Brébeuf would spend the rest of his life in Huron country as he arrived during the middle of a conflict between the Huron and the Iroquois. De Brébeuf would ultimately meet his end in 1649 at the hands of the Iroquois and would subsequently become a martyr as well as the patron saint of Canada.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="4203">
              <text>Heidenreich, C.E.,  "Ste Marie Among the Hurons".  In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published February 07, 2006; Last Edited March 04, 2015. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ste-marie-among-the-hurons</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4209">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4210">
              <text>Meaghan Hastings</text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Portrait Credit</name>
          <description>Cite the source of the attached portrait, including title, creator, date, source, and any other credits such as permission, a Creative Commons or other license.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4211">
              <text>Jean De Brebeuf. Canada Info. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.craigmarlatt.com%2Fcanada%2Fhistory%26people%2Fbrebeuf.html&amp;psig=AOvVaw3KnmiB6YQbKjx7GU1vUOKT&amp;ust=1633104268679000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCOisktGJp_MCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD.</text>
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                <text>de Brebeuf, Jean (missionary in Midland, Ontario)</text>
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                <text>1634-1638, 1644-1649</text>
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                <text>Sainte-Marie, Midland, Ontario, Canada</text>
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                <text>As a Jesuit, Brebeuf was tasked by his superior Father Paul le Jeune with founding a mission in Huron country in 1634 where he’d preform most of his missionary work. He spent a lot of time among the Hurons and was able to understand their language and culture. This would also be where he’d write the famous Canadian Christmas carol “Huron Carol”.&#13;
&#13;
     Brebeuf would arrive in Huron territory during a deadly conflict with the Iroquois and would be taken prisoner alongside Father Gabriel Lalemant at the hands of the Iroquois.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4207">
                <text>René Latourelle, “BRÉBEUF, JEAN DE (Échon),” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 29, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brebeuf_jean_de_1E.html.&#13;
&#13;
 </text>
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              <text>1677</text>
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              <text>Born in France 14 November, 1738 at Montargis (Loiret)</text>
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              <text>Prist; Recollet; Missionary; Superior of the Recollets in Acadia; Provincial commissioner </text>
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              <text>Dominique De La Marche was a baptized francois and a Roman Catholic. He was an adamant priest and vicar of a convent in Quebec. He was acknowledged as a superior Recollet on Ile Royale. The Recollet order was founded in France and served as chaplains, representatives of the christian faith, to the French army.&#13;
 With this title of superior of the Recollets, La Marche was a committee member deciding where a port should be made for a new French settlement. After meeting with Acadian families we sent a report to Pastour Costebelle, the governor of Ile Royale. He wrote that the Acadians was loyal to France and accepted the transfer to Ile Royale. &#13;
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          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4219">
              <text>Michel Theriault. Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. “Recollets”, Last Edited December 16, 2013, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/recollets&#13;
James Andrew Corcoran, Patrick John Ryan, Edmond Francis Prendergast.&#13;
The American Catholic Quarterly. Hardy and Mahony.  1898. Digitized 16 october 2012, https://books.google.ca/books?id=ps81AQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=missionary+work+of+dominique+de+la+marche&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4225">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
            </elementText>
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          <name>Student Cataloguer</name>
          <description>Enter your student name here if this item is part of a course activity.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4226">
              <text>Heather Williams</text>
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                <text>De La Marche, Dominique </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1701-1702: Convent of Quebec, Canada 1703-1704: Returned to France June 1706: Detroit  1709-1713: Quebec 1713: St. Peters, Nova Scotia</text>
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                <text>Quebec City, St. Peters, Nova Scotia, Detroit  Ile Royale (Cape Breton) </text>
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                <text>In 1701, Father La Marche was appointed a priest at Rouen as well as a lecturer in philosophy in Quebec. La Marche made his name prominent when he sent an abundance of documents and reports to Civil and Religious authorities. In 1709, he was a vicar of  the convent in Quebec as well as a professor of philosophy. On 27th August 1713, La Marche was assigned a superior of the Recollets on Ile Royale. With this a committee was created in order to choose a port for an upcoming French settlement. The Recollet order set forth the first of the missionaries arriving in Canada in 1615. The order of the Recollets was first founded in France. The served as chaplains, which are christain representatives to the french army&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Michel Theriault. Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. “Recollets”, Last Edited December 16, 2013, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/recollets&#13;
James Andrew Corcoran, Patrick John Ryan, Edmond Francis Prendergast.&#13;
The American Catholic Quarterly. Hardy and Mahony.  1898. Digitized 16 october 2012, https://books.google.ca/books?id=ps81AQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=missionary+work+of+dominique+de+la+marche&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Pezena department of Herault in the Occitanie region of Southern France</text>
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              <text>Henri Nouvel became the first voyager to describe the people and the territory of the Northshore in Quebec. Nouvel was most famous for his voyages to the Montagnais and Papinachois countries. Henri Nouvel was a part of the Society of Jesus making him a Jesuit of the Roman Catholic church. Nouvel was appointed a Priest sometime before he joined the Jesuit society. Father Nouvel spent his later years at the college of Quebec and taking part in occasional missions to Ottawa. Henri Nouvel’s missionary work in the last 30 years of his life involved a team under Nouvel’s direction. They are now famous missionary workers.&#13;
&#13;
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        <element elementId="36">
          <name>Bibliography</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4235">
              <text>Digital Museum of Canada. The Archives- Father Henri Nouvel. Archeo-Mamu Côte-Nord 2020.https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/pointe-aux-outardes/story/the-archives-father-henri-nouvel/</text>
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        <element elementId="73">
          <name>Associated Course</name>
          <description>Select the course for which this item is created, if applicable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4241">
              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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              <text>Murdock, Reily. Man offers to help fund marker honouring natives if “first white man” stays in Saginaw.Saginaw and Bay City news. July 14, 2020&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Léon Pouliot, “NOUVEL, HENRI,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 30, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/nouvel_henri_2E.html.&#13;
&#13;
Media of New York, Henri Novel. People Pill 2020. https://peoplepill.com/people/henri-nouvel-1&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Born in France and baptised as a Roman Catholic. Spending his life as a priest and vicar of the convent. In his work, he was strongly affiliated with New France authorities, as well as Engilsh authorities as we would write letters of Acadian loyalties and activities to the Queen of England. </text>
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              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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                <text>La Marche, Dominique De (priest, recollect missionary, superior Recollets in Acadia, provincial commissioner in France).</text>
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              <text>Marie Guyart was born in France and grew up in a religious family, being baptized in the year 1599. Growing up Guyart had ambitions of becoming a nun and dedicating her life to God, her parents disapproved and had her married to Claude Martin. Guyart and Martin had one son, Claude, before Martin passed away leaving Guyart a single mother to a one-year-old. Guyart and her son moved in with her sister and brother in law. Guyart was very business savvy, she used this to help her brother in law with his carting business. During this time Guyart decided to dedicate her life to God. Guyart decided she would become a nun, she joined the Ursulines convent, leaving her son with her sister's family. Guyart became an instructor of Christian doctrine, and after 8 years decided to leave the convent to go to Canada. Guyart went with the Jesuits to Quebec, Canada with the hopes of teaching young French and Indigenous girls. In Canada, Guyart was highly respected and had good bonds with many people in the community. Guyart spent a lot of her time with the Indigenous children, teaching them and watching how they interacted with each other. </text>
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              <text>"Guyart, Marie ." Colonial America Reference Library. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 22, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/guyart-marie</text>
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              <text>Conflict and Change in Early Canadian History (Carleton HIST 1301)</text>
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                <text>Marie Guyart was in Quebec, Canada for 33 years and was able to accomplish a lot during this time. Guyart worked with the Jesuits in 1646 to create the constitutions for New France. In 1660 there was the arrival of the new bishop Francois de Laval, bishop Laval had some ideas for changes to the constitution. Guyart would not have this, she knew the area better and believed that the proposed changes would be detrimental to the constitutions. She wrote that the constitutions would not be changed unless absolutely necessary. Guyarts main purpose in moving across the world to Quebec was to teach the young French and Indigenous girls of Canada. Guyart built a school and was the teacher to many children, she taught them basic knowledge like reading and writing as well as religion. During her time in Quebec Guyart also built a convent and ran a farm. Guyart wrote an autobiography during her time in Canada on her experiences with the Indigenous children. After her passing her autobiography entitled The Life of the Venerable Mother Marie de l'Incarnation was published. Guyart’s writings gave lots of information on the relationship between Indigenous and French people in Quebec, specifically how it changed the lives of women and children. </text>
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              <text>He spent ten years as “gentleman in waiting of the privy chamber of the king”. His career began after he entered the order of Saint-Sulpice, and was subsequently professed in 1689. He spent his working days serving the Catholic Church, as he was Catholic himself. He received support from Governor Philipps, but went on to claim that Lieutenant-Governor Armstrong had turned against him. After facing imprisonment by Governor Armstrong, he fled to a Micmac encampment. After 14 months, he returned to his parish in 1729 after the return of Governor Phillips to Annapolis Royal. He was a man who stayed true to his religious ideals, which was a source of conflict between him and the civil authorities. He retired in 1730 in Paris. </text>
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                <text>He was appointed to Annapolis Royal at the request of the inhabitants, and was then received officially by the council. He utilized a building in Fort Mohawk as a parish house and church. The majority of his great and more notable work was performed in other locations, but he continued to serve New France and the Catholic Church while in Annapolis Royal. </text>
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                <text>E. A. Chard, “BRESLAY, RENÉ-CHARLES DE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 3, 2021, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/breslay_rene_charles_de_2E.html.</text>
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