Annotated Bibliography
While individual pages contain some citations not present in this bibliography and vice versa, this is a list of resources I consulted on the subject throughout my research.
Annotated Bibliography
Canada. Census and statistics office. 1911 Census of Canada metadata analysis
https://archive.org/search.php?query=fifth%20census%20of%20canada
An extensive series of analysis of the 1911 census by the Canadian government covering a range of subjects. Organized by province. Plenty on farming statistics.
Canada 1901, 1911 & 1921 Census, Library and Archives Canada / Ancestry.ca
https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/census/pages/census.aspx
Census data offers information on location & profession of individuals in the Ottawa area, and may be useful to try and view in a more aggregate fashion as well.
Canada Dept. of Labour The Labour Gazette - “Internet Archive.” Accessed November 17, 2016. https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Canada+Dept.+of+Labour%22.
This website has a selection of digitized publications by the Labour Gazette, some spanning the chosen period. Covers all sorts, including wage rates, salaries, hours, industrial disputes, etc.
Canada. Soldier settlement department, Report of the Soldier Settlement of Canada .. Ottawa, J. O. Patenaude, printer to the King [etc.], 1921. https://archive.org/details/reportofsoldiers00canauoft.
A lengthy 1921 report on the results of the Soldier Settlement Act throughout Canada.
Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group “38th Battalion.” Accessed October 31, 2016.
https://cefresearch.ca/matrix/Army%20Corps/Divisions/4th%20Division/12th%20I
nfantry%20Brigade/38th%20Battalion.htm
This site is useful as a repository of references and links on the 38th Battalion, which was raised in Ottawa and its surrounding region to serve in the First World War. It also includes the LAC reference to their war diaries (RG9 , Militia and Defence , Series III-D-3 , Volume 4938 , Reel T-10743 File : 432 , Access code: 90).
Canada, Library and Archives. “38th Battalion War Diaries” RG9 , Militia and Defence , Series III-D-3 , Volume 4938 , Reel T-10743 File : 432 , Access code: 90
The war diary of the 38th battalion, raised from Ottawa and its surrounding regions. Will mostly pertain to actual operations overseas, but perhaps it will also contain some information on recruitment or demobilization?
Canada, Library and Archives. “Search: Personnel Records of the First World War,”
June 29, 2016. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/personnel-records/Pages/search.aspx.
Library and Archives’ database of personnel records for First World War soldiers. The personnel records might have some information that’s of interest, and many are digitized. Can be searched by those who attested in Ottawa.
Canadian War Museum “History - History.” Canada and the First World War. Accessed
November 3, 2016. https://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/.
This virtual exhibit has a broad scope, some of great relevance. “Return and Demobilization” “Benefits and Land for Veterans” and “Farming and Food” among the topics covered.
“Civilization.ca - Canadian Labour History, 1850-1999 - Bibliography.” Accessed
September 28, 2016.
https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/labour/lab44e.shtml.
This is a bibliography assembled by researchers at the Canadian Museum of History for their research on the digital exhibit “Canadian Labour History 1850 - 1999”. While the scope of the exhibit (and many of their sources) are far beyond that of the project, some of the sources may have useful information or at least broad context.
Djebabla, Mourad “FIGHT OR FARM”: CANADIAN FARMERS AND THE DILEMMA OF THE WAR EFFORT IN WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)” Canadian Military Journal, July 14, 2008. https://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol13/no2/page57-eng.asp.
This article offers some insight into the conflict of priorities between the war effort and farmers. The duties of farmers in food production and its conflict with their duties to serve as soldiers provide an interesting perspective. The article observes that in 1916 farmers made up only 8.5% of volunteers, and the lack of volunteers troubled many recruitment officers even if the importance of food production was acknowledged by the government (though at times farmers were derided as war profiteers). Djebala also discusses the United Farmers of Ontario in 1916, who passed a resolution emphasizing the importance of farmers remaining in their fields. The UFO also organized a march in Ottawa in May 1918.
Two Years of War as Viewed from Ottawa : A Special Issue of “The Civilian” Giving Some Account of the War Work of the Civil Service of Canada, 1914-1916. Ottawa, 1916. https://archive.org/details/twoyearsofwarasv00ottauoft.
An entry in the diary The Civilian, a civil servant union mouthpiece, in 1916.
Heron, Craig. “The Workers’ Revolt in Canada, 1917-1925 - Scholars Portal Books.”
Accessed September 25, 2016.
https://books2.scholarsportal.info.proxy.library.carleton.ca/viewdoc.html?id=/ebooks/ebooks0/gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/6/417789.
A section of this book covers strikes in Ontario, although Heron doesn’t address Ottawa in great detail either. He makes reference to various industrial journals that warrant further examination as a primary source, makes reference to the election of the United Farmers of Ontario government, and also outlines the importance of metal trade workers. Many had been put to work in the war effort, and sixty percent of Canadian war production under the Imperial Munitions Board was concentrated in Ontario.
Kealey, Gregory S. “1919: The Canadian Labour Revolt.” Labour / Le Travail 13, no. 0 (January 1, 1984): 11–44.
As the title suggests, this is an article on the 1919 Labour Revolt. While Ottawa is not detailed in depth, the article does discuss the revolt across Canada and is useful for context. It also notes that Ontario had 90 strikes involving 34,122 workers, Ottawa accounting for eleven of them. A lot of the discussion around Ontario focuses on Toronto where it was more intense, but does draw attention to the Ottawa Metal Trades Council calling 200 machinists out of fifteen shops on May 12 1919 for an unsuccessful 12 week strike.
Might Directories, ltd. The Ottawa City Directory 1916. Ottawa : [s.n, 1916. https://archive.org/details/ottawadirectory00ottauoft.
A city directory for Ottawa in 1916. Has information on residents and stores. Trade unions on page 34.
Ottawa City Archives Fonds No. MG566, the Ottawa District Labour Council
A sizable series of records from the Ottawa District Labour Council, including records from 1916 to 1919 while it was named the Allied Trades and Labour Association. The fonds includes photographs, textual records, and some audio reels. Regrettably much of it is currently in quarantine.
Sykes, Peggy J. “A History of the Ottawa Allied Trades and Labour Association 1897-1922; a Study of Working-Class Resistance and Accommodation by the Craft Worker.” Text, 1992.
https://curve.carleton.ca/ec93bd25-af02-409e-93bd-b00a77962b88.
A masters thesis on the Ottawa Allied Trades and Labour Association from 1897-1922. It contains an excellent list of tables breaking down all sorts of information on wages, work hours, trade union enlistments, strikes in Ottawa, etc. This also has a very strong bibliography for archival materials.
Thomson, Antony. “Federal Employee and Postal Unionism in Canada, 1911-1939.” 1977 Accessed October 29, 2016.
https://www.acadiau.ca/~thomson/federalunionism/federalindex.htm.
Chapter 4 of Antony’s work addresses militancy in the Canadian civil service from 1918-1920 and its adoption of bargaining practices common in private industries. This is a subject of great relevance to Ottawa and its concentration of government employees. Thomson discusses a journal known as “The Civilian” as a mouthpiece for Ottawa government workers, and in 1917 it was officially adopted by the Civil Service Federation of Canada. The bibliography cites a great variety of labour newspapers and journals.