Bibliography

Archbishop W.M.E. Robinson, Holy Synod. Abbass Studios Ltd. 1955. Photograph. Beaton Institute. https://beatoninstitute.com/archbishop-w-m-e-robinson

“Condition of coloured shacks,” The Sydney Daily Post, November 24, 1905, 1.

Dominion Iron and Steel Co. Steel Plant. 1905. Photograph. Beaton Institute. https://beatoninstitute.com/dominion-iron-and-steel-co-2

Dr. Alvinus Calder. 1935. photograph. Beaton Institute. https://beatoninstitute.com/dr-alvinus-calder

F.A. Hamilton, “New Hall Opened,” The Nova Scotia Gleaner, October 5, 1929, 2-3.

Garvey, Marcus. “The work that has been done.” The Black Man, July 1938, 7-11.

Garvey, Marcus. “The work that has been done,” October 1, 1937, in Sydney, Nova Scotia.

John H. Means to Bart Bryan, 24 October 1901. DISCO Letterbooks: Beaton Institute, Cape Breton University

John H. Means to Bart Bryan, 21 October 1901. DISCO Letterbooks: Beaton Institute, Cape Breton University

John H. Means to Thomas Goodwin, 30 August 1901, DISCO Letterbooks: Beaton Institute, Cape Breton University

Keating, Mary Elizabeth, Beaton, Elizabeth. Menelik Hall. (n/a). Photograph. Images of a Multicultural Community. Sydney, N.S: Whitney Pier Historical Society, 1993.

Kelly & Dodge. Blast Furnace Crew. c.a. 1912. Photograph. Beatons Institute

Marcus Garvey. 1922. Image. Encyclopædia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Garvey#/media/1/226276/10959

“N*groes for Sydney,” The Sydney Daily Post, December 21, 1901, 1.

Plan 96, Fire Insurance Plan of Sydney, November 1907. Map. Beaton institute

Rev. England. 1925. Photograph. Beaton institute. https://beatoninstitute.com/rev-england

UNIA Brass Band. 1921. Photograph. Beatons Institute

UNIA due cards. 193-? UNIA hall and Cultural Museum, Glace Bay. https://historicnovascotia.ca/items/show/231

Bonner, Claudine. “Industrial Island – African-Caribbean Migration to Cape Breton, Canada, 1900-1930.” Thesis, Dalhousie University, 2017. https://dalspaceb.library.dal.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/11d3a253-4bf9-4328-8086-32cab4d75631/content

Bonner, Claudine. "A Caribbean Community in the North Atlantic: DISCO, Labour Migration, and the Creation of Whitney Pier, Nova Scotia, c. 1900–1930." Histoire sociale / Social History 55, no. 114 (2022): 301-324. https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/article/872813/pdf

Bonner, Claudine. “No gardens, just shacks: The housing experiences of African-American steelworkers in Whitney pier, Nova Scotia in 1901,” The Canadian review of sociology 59, no. 4 (2022): 560-62. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/doi/epdf/10.1111/cars.12402

Beaton, Elizabeth. “An African-American Community in Cape Breton, 1901-1904,” Acadiensis 24, no. 2 (April 1995): 65-97.

Beaton, Elizabeth. "Religious Affiliation and Ethnic Identity of West Indians in Whitney Pier." Canadian Ethnic Studies = Etudes Ethniques Au Canada 20, no. 3 (1988): 112. https://login.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/religious-affiliation-ethnic-identity-west/docview/1293207431/se-2.

FITCH, JOHN A. The Steel Workers. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989, 60. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wrbvh.

African Nova Scotian Affairs , “The Glace Bay Chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. (UNIA),” Historic Nova Scotia, https://historicnovascotia.ca/items/show/231.

American Experience, “Universal N*gro Improvement Association” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-unia/

Cape Breton news. “CAPE BRETON RACISM - PT 1,” https://caperfrasers.wordpress.com/2010/09/24/cape-breton-racism/

Slaven, S. (n.d.) “The birth of a steel plant,” Sydney Steel Virtual Museum. https://sydneysteelmuseum.ca/history/the-birth-of-a-steel-plant/