Classical Architecture

Introduction

The formation of cities is regarded as a major step in human development, but what makes a civilization a civilization? How did the human mind change at the end of the Neolithic period to cause the formation of permanent settlements in certain parts of the world, giving rise to what we call civilization? The fields of Anthropology and Archaeology have sought to answer these questions for many years by intensively studying what these early peoples left behind.[1] From these studies, many explanations have been given for the rise of civilizations, and they can be broken down into broad categories, which include but are not limited to: the invention and usage of writing and languages, the use of weaponry in warfare, practical architecture, and religion.

This is the exhibit showcasing artefacts relevant to architecture. Please view the three companion exhibits on the other aspects of civilization.

Introduction - Classical Architecture

The construction of permanent buildings was an important step toward civilization. City walls, temples, and homes made up the first cities, and they continued to be of great importance into the Classical period and beyond.

If there is one thing the Greeks and Romans are best known for today, it would be their unmistakable feats of architecture. Ruins of Roman cities and temples dot the landscape of Europe, the Near East, and North Africa, to name some of the many places the Roman Empire flourished. Many old Roman roads are even used to this day, and the walls and grid layout of ancient Roman cities have served as a template for many modern European cities. Famous examples of Roman buildings from antiquity include the Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome dominating its skyline, great stone gates that continue to guard old Roman frontier towns, and aqueducts that provided fresh water to inland cities. These constructions continued to baffle and fascinate inhabitants of Roman cities after the decline of the united Roman Empire even as they were becoming neglected and falling into disrepair. 

In order to construct such complex buildings, the Greco-Romans needed to invent new materials and building techniques that allowed them to build the domes and arches that were necessary for their ambitious building projects. These buildings needed to be decorated too, and the Greeks and Romans found many ways to represent their culture and religion through reliefs and mosaics.

This virtual exhibit will take you though a few of these materials and techniques, whether it be for structural or aesthetic purposes.

Sources

[1] Fagan, B. 1986. People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory: Fifth Edition. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 349.